sordēs
Meaning
- dirt, filth, squalor
c. 194 BCE, Plautus, Poenulus 1.2.106.Viden tu? Pleni oculi sorderum qui erant, iam splendent mihi.
- meanness, stinginess, niggardliness
- figurativelyhumiliation
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
quod corpus vestemque foedum facit; sordēs aquā tolluntur.quod sordidum estChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Lutum · Limus · Cœnum · Sordes · Squalor · Pædor · Situs · Stercus · Fimus · Oletum · Merda
1. Lutum, limus, cœnum, all denote impurity, as a substance, and as of a wet sort; lutum (from λύθρον) is the dirt of the streets or roads, like πηλός; limus (λειβόμενος) the mud of a river, like ἰλύς; cœnum (from cunire) the mire of a moor or morass, like βόρβορος. Tac. Ann. i. 63. Cætera limosa, tenacia gravi cœno aut rivis incerta erant; whereas sordes, squalor, pœdor, situs, denote impurities as a form, and of a dry sort; sodes (from ἄρδα) in opp. to splendor, through indigence, or niggardliness and vulgarity, for example, clothes dirty from long wear, like ῥύπος; squalor (from σκέλλω) in opp. to nitor, through want of civilized habits, and of delicacy in the senses, for example uncombed hair, like αὐχμός; pædor (from ψοῖθος) in opp. to munditiæ, through neglect of the person, for example, through pædiculos, vermin, itch, etc., like πίνος; situs (ἄσις) in opp. to usus, in consequence of long disuse, for example, through mould, rust, etc., like ἄζη. Hence the different forms of the adjectives lutosus, limosus, cœnosus, that is, full of lutum, etc.; and of sordidus, squalidus, pædidus, that is, resembling sordes, etc., and in circumlocution, oblitus luto, limo, cœno, but obsitus, sordibus, squalore, pædore. 2. Stercus (from τάργανον) denotes in dung its disgusting sense, as filth, like κόπρος; whereas fimus (opimus?) in its useful sense, as manure. 3. For offensive excrements cœnum is the most general; oletum denotes human; merda (μίνθος) animal excrements.
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | sordēs | sordēs |
| genitive | sordis | sordium sordērum |
| dative | sordī | sordibus |
| accusative | sordem | sordēs sordīs |
| ablative | sorde sordī | sordibus |
| vocative | sordēs | sordēs |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- in sordibus luctuque iacēre
- to be in great trouble, affliction.
pleni sordium, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 104 sq.: in sordibus aurium inhaerescere, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144: sint sine sordibus ungues, Ov. A. A. 1, 519: caret obsoleti Sordibus tecti, Hor. C. 2, 10, 7; Plin. 36, 26, 65, § 191.—etiam in medio oculo paulum sordi'st, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 102: auriculae collectā sorde dolentes, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 53: (pellis) Ulceribus tetris prope jam sordique sepultā, Lucr. 6, 1271.—jacere in lacrimis et sordibus, Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2; cf.: in sordibus, lamentis, luctuque jacuisti, id. Pis. 36, 89: mater squalore hujus et sordibus laetatur, id. Clu. 6, 18; 67, 192; id. Mur. 40, 86: sordes lugubres vobis erant jucundae, id. Dom. 23, 59; Liv. 6, 16 fin.; Quint. 6, 1, 33; Suet. Vit. 8: suscipere sordes, Tac. A. 4, 52; id. Or. 12; Val. Max. 7, 8, 7.—sordes fortunae et vitae, Cic. Brut. 62, 224: obscuritas et sordes tuae, id. Vatin. 5, 11; id. Sest. 28, 60: ut quisque sordidissimus videbitur, ita libentissime severitate judicandi sordes suas eluet, id. Phil. 1, 8, 20: nulla nota, nullus color, nullae sordes videbantur his sententiis allini posse, Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17: in infamiā relinqui ac sordibus, id. Att. 1, 16, 2; Liv. 4, 56: sordes illae verborum, low, vulgar expressions, Tac. Or. 21: propter maternas sordes, low origin, Just. 13, 2, 11: pristinarum sordium oblitus, id. 25, 1, 9; cf. id. 18, 7, 11.—apud sordem urbis et faecem, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 11; so (with caenum) Plin. Ep. 7, 29, 3: sordes et obscuritatem Vitellianarum partium, Tac. H. 1, 84.—Hence, as a term of abuse: o lutum, o sordes! low-minded creature, Cic. Pis. 26, 62.—(populus Romanus) non amat profusas epulas, sordes et inhumanitatem multo minus, Cic. Mur. 36, 76; so (opp. luxuria) Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 7: damnatus sordium, id. ib. 2, 12, 4: incusare alicujus sordes, Quint. 6, 3, 74: sordes obicere alicui, Hor. S. 1, 6, 68 and 107: sepulcrum sine sordibus exstrue, id. ib. 2, 5, 105: cogit minimas ediscere sordes, the meanest tricks, Juv. 14 124; 1, 140.—nullum hujus in privatis rebus factum avarum, nullam in re familiari sordem posse proferri, Cic. Fl. 3, 7; so (with avaritia) Tac. H. 1, 52; 1, 60: extremae avaritiae et sordis infimae infamis, App. M. 1, p. 112, 2.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *swordi- (“dirt”) or *swordo- (“dirty”) + -ēs. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *swartaz (“black”), which could also go back to *sword-; within Latin, suāsum (“dirty gray color”) could be from the same root, but this relationship is not certain since it is phonetically problematic.
- Sardiniansolde
- Englishsordes
- TranslingualSordes