verbfourth conjugation
pūniō
pūniō (present infinitive pūnīre, perfect active pūnīvī or pūniī, supine pūnītum)
Classical[ˈpuː.ni.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈpuː.ni.o]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to punish
- to take vengeance, avenge
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
poenam dō; malī pūniuntur.pūniō -īre — in Mille Verba, Urbs et Aedificia
punish
pūniō -īre — in De Bello Gallico II and De Bello Gallico III
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Vindicta · Ultio · Talio · Pœna · Mulcta · Castigatio · Puniri
1. Vindicta (ἀναδέκτης) is an act of justice, like avenging: ultio (ἀλαλκεῖν, ἀλέξειν), an act of anger, like revenge; talio (τλῆναι), an act of retaliation. 2. Ultio, vindicatio, and talio, take place in consequence of the supreme authority of an individual; punitio, mulctatio, and castigatio, in consequence of the demand of others; pœna (ποινή, πεῖνα, πένομαι), as a punishment which the violated and offended law demands, by any mode of suffering; mulcta (μαλάξαι) as an amercement, which justice and equity demand, as a compensation for injuries done, especially a fine; castigatio, as a chastisement, which may serve to improve the individual, especially a rebuke. Pœna is for the general good; mulcta, for the good of the injured party; castigatio, for that of the guilty party. (v. 249.) 3. Pœnire means to punish, according to the principles of justice; whereas puniri, in Cicero, to take vengeance into one’s own hands.
Conjugation conjugation 4
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pūniō | pūniēbam | pūniam | pūnīvī pūniī | pūnīveram pūnieram | pūnīverō pūnierō |
| 2nd sg. | pūnīs | pūniēbās | pūniēs | pūnīvistī pūniistī | pūnīverās pūnierās | pūnīveris pūnieris |
| 3rd sg. | pūnit | pūniēbat | pūniet | pūnīvit pūniit | pūnīverat pūnierat | pūnīverit pūnierit |
| 1st pl. | pūnīmus | pūniēbāmus | pūniēmus | pūnīvimus pūniimus | pūnīverāmus pūnierāmus | pūnīverimus pūnierimus |
| 2nd pl. | pūnītis | pūniēbātis | pūniētis | pūnīvistis pūniistis | pūnīverātis pūnierātis | pūnīveritis pūnieritis |
| 3rd pl. | pūniunt | pūniēbant | pūnient | pūnīvērunt pūnīvēre, pūniērunt, pūniēre | pūnīverant pūnierant | pūnīverint pūnierint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pūniam | pūnīrem | pūnīverim pūnierim | pūnīvissem pūniissem |
| 2nd sg. | pūniās | pūnīrēs | pūnīverīs pūnierīs | pūnīvissēs pūniissēs |
| 3rd sg. | pūniat | pūnīret | pūnīverit pūnierit | pūnīvisset pūniisset |
| 1st pl. | pūniāmus | pūnīrēmus | pūnīverīmus pūnierīmus | pūnīvissēmus pūniissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | pūniātis | pūnīrētis | pūnīverītis pūnierītis | pūnīvissētis pūniissētis |
| 3rd pl. | pūniant | pūnīrent | pūnīverint pūnierint | pūnīvissent pūniissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pūnior | pūniēbar | pūniar |
| 2nd sg. | pūnīris pūnīre | pūniēbāris pūniēbāre | pūniēris pūniēre |
| 3rd sg. | pūnītur | pūniēbātur | pūniētur |
| 1st pl. | pūnīmur | pūniēbāmur | pūniēmur |
| 2nd pl. | pūnīminī | pūniēbāminī | pūniēminī |
| 3rd pl. | pūniuntur | pūniēbantur | pūnientur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pūniar | pūnīrer |
| 2nd sg. | pūniāris pūniāre | pūnīrēris pūnīrēre |
| 3rd sg. | pūniātur | pūnīrētur |
| 1st pl. | pūniāmur | pūnīrēmur |
| 2nd pl. | pūniāminī | pūnīrēminī |
| 3rd pl. | pūniantur | pūnīrentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | pūnī | pūnīre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | pūnīte | pūnīminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | pūnītō | pūnītor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | pūnītō | pūnītor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | pūnītōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | pūniuntō | pūniuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | pūnīre | pūnīrī |
| perfect infinitive | pūnīvisse pūniisse | pūnītum esse |
| future infinitive | pūnītūrum esse | pūnītum īrī |
| present participle | pūniēns pūniente, pūnientem, pūnientēs, pūnientī, pūnientia, pūnientibus, pūnientis, pūnientīs, pūnientium | — |
| perfect participle | — | pūnītus pūnīta, pūnītā, pūnītae, pūnītam, pūnītārum, pūnītās, pūnītī, pūnītōrum, pūnītōs |
| future participle | pūnītūrus pūnītūra, pūnītūrā, pūnītūrae, pūnītūram, pūnītūrārum, pūnītūrās, pūnītūre, pūnītūrī, pūnītūrīs, pūnītūrō, pūnītūrōrum, pūnītūrōs, pūnītūrum | pūniendus pūniundus, pūnienda, pūniendā, pūniendae, pūniendam, pūniendārum, pūniendās, pūniende, pūniendīs, pūniendōrum, pūniendōs |
gerundpūniendī, pūniendō, pūniendumsupinepūnītum, pūnītū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- punire aliquem
- to punish some one.
pūnĭo or (in archaic form) poenĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4 (sync.
I. imp. poenibat, Lucr. 6, 1238), v. a., and pūnĭor (poen-), ītus, 4, v. dep. a. [poena].
I. To inflict punishment upon, to punish (syn.: castigo, animadverto, plecto, multo).
(a). In act. form:
peccata punimus, Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66: punire sontes, id. Off. 1, 24, 82: Philemonem morte puniit, Suet. Caes. 74: alio punito, id. Calig. 30: lex omnis aut punit aut jubet, etc., Quint. 7, 5, 5; cf. id. 7, 1, 48.—Pass.: tergo ac capite puniri, Liv. 3, 55 fin.; Ov. M. 9, 778.—(b). In dep. form:
qui punitur aliquem, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88: inimicos puniuntur, id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: hominum necem, id. Phil. 8, 2, 7: crudelius poeniri quam erat humanitatis meae postulare, id. Mil. 13, 33; id. Inv. 2, 27, 80; 2, 28, 83; Quint. 9, 3, 6; Gell. 20, 1, 7: punita sum funestum praedonem, App. M. 8, p. 207, 17.—(g). In indeterm. form:
ipse se puniens, Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 65: prohibenda autem maxime est ira in puniendo, id. Off. 1, 25, 89 fin.—II. To take vengeance for, to avenge, revenge,= ulcisci (rare):
Graeciae fana punire, Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 15: iracundia est cupiditas puniendi doloris, id. de Or. 1, 51, 220: meam domum a judicibus puniendam putavit, Cic. Har. Resp. 8, 16.—Dep.: ut clarissimorum omnium crudelissimam puniretur necem, Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 7.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
pūniō or poeniō īvī, ītus, īre
poena, to punish, correct, chastise : ambitum: sontes: facinus puniendum: tergo ac capite puniri, L.: quod non ego punior, O.— To take vengeance for, avenge, revenge : Graeciae fana.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*kʷey-
- Proto-Indo-European*kʷoynéh₂
- Latinpūniō
Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)bor. Latin poena Proto-Indo-European *-yétider. Latin -iō Latin pūniō From poena (“punishment, penalty”) + -iō.
Descendants
- Catalanpunir
- Italianpunire
- Frenchpunirfrom Old French punir
- Englishpunishfrom Old French punir
- Occitanpunirfrom Old Occitan punir
- Portuguesepunir
- Sardinianpunire
- Spanishpunir
- Friulianpunî
- Galicianpunir