pullus¹

Meaning

1. masculineany young animal, young, especially
   Facere iis [gliribus] cavos oportet laxiores, ubi pullos parere possint; aquam esse tenuem, quod ea non utuntur multum et aridum locum quaerunt.116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum III.XV.1–2
   […]absentis ranae pullis vituli pede pressis / unus ubi effugit, matri denarrat, ut ingens / belua cognatos eliserit: illa rogare, / quantane?c. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 2.3.314–317
2. masculinea chick, chicken or any young fowl
   Conminxit lectum potus mensave catillum / Evandri manibus tritum deiecit: ob hanc rem, / aut positum ante mea quia pullum in parte catini / sustulit esuriens, minus hoc iucundus amicus / sit mihi?c. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 1.3.90–94
   bene erat non piscibus urbe petitis, / sed pullo atque haedoc. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 2.2.120–121
3. masculinea foal
   Exsulta satis, filia Sion; iubila, filia Ierusalem: ecce rex tuus veniet tibi, iustus et salvator: ipse pauper, et ascendens super asinam et super pullum filium asinae.Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Sion; make jubilation, O daughter of Jerusalem: BEHOLD THY KING will come to thee, the just and saviour: he is poor, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Zaccharias [Zechariah] 9:9, page 1424, column 1:
4. masculinea shoot, a young plant
   Propagatio pomorum, aliarum arborum. Ab arbore abs terra pulli qui nascentur, eos in terram deprimito extollitoque primorem partem, uti radicem capiat;[…]234 BCE – 149 BCE, Marcus Porcius Cato, De agri cultura 51
5. endearingmasculinedarling
   Concludere in fenestram firmiter, / Vnde auscultare possis, quom ego illam ausculer. / Quom mihi illa dicet: mi animule, mi Olympio, / Mea vita, mea mellilla, mea festivitas: / Sine tuos ocellos deosculer, voluptas mea, / Sine, amabo, ted amari, meus festus dies, / Meus pullus passer, mea columba, mi lepus:[…]c. 180 BCE, Plautus, Casina I.1.44–1.52
   Itaque ut a Miseno movit quamvis lugentis habitu et funus Tiberi prosequens, tamen inter altaria et victimas ardentisque taedas densissimo et laetissimo obviorum agmine incessit, super fausta nomina "sidus" et "pullum" et "pupum" et "alumnum" appellantium;[…]121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita Gai 13

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Declension

Origins

Disputed; two etymologies are plausible: * From Proto-Italic *polnos, from Proto-Indo-European *polH-on- (“offspring, (animal) young”); compare Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos, “foal; young girl”), Proto-Germanic *fulô (“foal”), Albanian pjellë (“child”) and pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”). The verbal root is likely found in Albanian pjell (“to beget”), which implies a connection to pellō (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- with a semantic shift of “to push (out)” > “to beget”, if not a distinct root *pelH- (“to give birth”). * From Proto-Indo-European *put-, also found in Latin putus (“boy”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“boy”) and perhaps Sanskrit पोत (pota, “young animal”) (which would indicate *pewt-, though more likely borrowed from Dravidian) and Lithuanian putýtis (“young bird, young animal”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *putslos, which he considers a variant of *putlos (“boy”). The presence of an earlier apical consonant in the stem in Latin is evidenced by the -s- in the diminutive adjective pusillus. Some authors connect these to the root *peh₂w- (“small”) (compare Latin paulus, paullus (“small”) and paucus (“little, few”), Old English fēaw (“little, few”)), but the morphology is unclear and the complete disappearance of the laryngeal is hard to explain. Alternatively onomatopoeic, like Swedish pulla.

Related words

Meaning

1. adjectivedark-colored, dark-gray, dusky
   Quorum [leporum] ergo tria genera fere sunt: unum Italicum hoc nostrum pedibus primis humilibus, posterioribus altis, superiore parte pulla, ventre albo, auribus longis.116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum III.XII.5
   Si tibi lanitium curae, primum aspera silva / lappaeque tribolique absint; fuge pabula laeta; / continuoque greges villis lege mollibus albos. / Illum autem, quamvis aries sit candidus ipse, / nigra subest udo tantum cui lingua palato, / reice, ne maculis infuscet vellera pullis / nascentum, plenoque alium circumspice campo.c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon III.384–390
2. adjectiveassociated with the common people and by extension, with humbleness (of rank or intent), stinginess or mourning
   toga/vestis/tunica pulla: any rough and cheap dark-gray garb usually worn by the poor, not suited for special or meaningful events
   Tum illa, ex patellis et turibulis quae evellerat, ita scite in aureis poculis inligabat, ita apte in scaphiis aureis includebat, ut ea ad illam rem nata esse diceres; ipse tamen praetor, qui sua vigilantia pacem in Sicilia dicit fuisse, in hac officina maiorem partem diei cum tunica pulla sedere solebat et pallio.70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem II.IV.54
3. adjectivepoeticbringing sorrow, sorrowful, mournful
   […]: at Clotho iussit promissa valere, / nevit et infesta stamina pulla manu, / et, ne longa suo praesagia diceret ore, / ‘fata canet vates qui tua,’ dixit, ‘erit.’9 CE, Ovidius, Ibis 241–244
   Si mihi lanificae ducunt non pulla sorores Stamina nec surdos vox habet ista deos, Sospite me sospes Latias reveheris ad urbes86 CE – 103 CE, Martialis, Epigrammata 6.58.7–11

Declension

Origins

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *polHwós (maybe a weak form of *pélHus) or *polHnós, from the root *pelH- (“pale, gray”), thereby related to palleō, though the formal details are debated.

Related words