adjectivethird-declension two-termination adjective
pinguis
pinguis (neuter pingue, superlative pinguissimus)
Classical[ˈpɪŋ.ɡʷɪs]Ecclesiastical[ˈpiŋ.ɡʷis]
Meaning
- two terminationfat, plump
- two terminationthick, dense
- two terminationdull, insipid, not pungent
- two terminationoily, rich, full-bodied
- two terminationusuallyfertile, rich
Quod superest, quaecumque premes virgulta per agros, Sparge fimo pingui et multa memor occule terra, Aut lapidem bibulum aut squalentis infode conchas; Inter enim labentur aquae tenuisque subibit Halitus atque animos tollent sata; iamque reperti, Qui saxo super atque ingentis pondere testae Urgerent; hoc effusos munimen ad imbris,
Translation by James B. Greenough For the rest, whate'er The sets thou plantest in thy fields, thereon Strew refuse rich, and with abundant earth Take heed to hide them, and dig in withal Rough shells or porous stone, for therebetween Will water trickle and fine vapour creep, And so the plants their drooping spirits raise. Aye, and there have been, who with weight of stone Or heavy potsherd press them from above; This serves for shield in pelting showers, and this When the hot dog-star chaps the fields with drought.c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 2.346–353 - figurativelytwo termination(of the mind) heavy, dull, stupid, obtuse
- figurativelytwo terminationbold, strong
- figurativelytwo terminationquiet, comfortable, easy
- two termination(of the sound /l/) velarized, dark
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
crassus, adipe plēnuspinguis -e — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 20
crassus, nōn tenuispinguis -e — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 23
crassus, gravis corpore; dē mente: tarduspinguis -e — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 22
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Pinguis · Opimus · Obesus · Corpulentus
1. Pinguis (παχύς, πάγχυ,) denotes fat, indifferently, or, on its dark side, as that component part of the body that is most without sensation and strength; thence, figuratively, sluggish: whereas opimus (from πιμελής) on its bright side, as a sign of plenty and good living; thence, figuratively, opulent. 2. Obesus denotes fatness, on its dark side, with reference to the unwieldiness connected with it, in opp. to gracilis, Cels. i. 3. ii. 1. Suet. Dom. 18; whereas corpulentus, on its bright side, with reference to the portliness connected with it. (v. 222.)
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | pinguis | pinguis | pingue |
| genitive | pinguis | pinguis | pinguis |
| dative | pinguī | pinguī | pinguī |
| accusative | pinguem | pinguem | pingue |
| ablative | pinguī | pinguī | pinguī |
| vocative | pinguis | pinguis | pingue |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | pinguēs | pinguēs | pinguia |
| genitive | pinguium | pinguium | pinguium |
| dative | pinguibus | pinguibus | pinguibus |
| accusative | pinguīs pinguēs | pinguīs pinguēs | pinguia |
| ablative | pinguibus | pinguibus | pinguibus |
| vocative | pinguēs | pinguēs | pinguia |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- crassa or pingui Minerva (proverb.)
- with no intelligence or skill.
pinguis, e, adj. root pag-, pak-, of pango, q. v.; cf. Gr. παχύς, stout, = πίων,
I. fat (opp. macer; syn.: opimus, obesus).
I. Lit.:
pingues Thebani, Cic. Fat. 4, 7: pingui tentus omaso Furius, Hor. S. 2, 5, 40: me pinguem et nitidum bene curatā cute vises, id. Ep. 1, 4, 15: Lateranus, Juv. 8, 147: pinguem facere gallinam, Col. 8, 7: pinguior agnus, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 5: pinguissimus haedulus, Juv. 11, 65: merum, rich, oily wine (= plenum), Hor. S. 2, 4, 65.— Subst.: pingue, is, n., fat, grease, Plin. 11, 37, 85, § 212; Verg. G. 3, 124: taurorum, leonum ac pantherarum pinguia, Plin. 28, 9, 38, § 144: comedite pinguia, Vulg. 2 Esd. 8, 10.—B. Transf.
1. Pass., fat, rich, fertile; also, plump, in good condition:
ager, Col. 1, 4; Plin. 17, 4, 3, § 25; cf.: sanguine pinguior Campus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 29: sulcus, i. e. drawn in a rich soil, Luc. 6, 382: fimus, Verg. G. 1, 80: hortus, id. ib. 4, 118: stabula, of beehives, rich, full of honey, id. ib. 4, 14: arae, id. A. 4, 62: ficus, plump, juicy, Hor. S. 2, 8, 88; cf. saliva, Sen. Ira, 3, 38, 2: flamma, of incense; tura pingues facientia flammas, Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 11: corpora suco pinguis olivae Splendescunt, id. M. 10, 176: pingues taedae, full of pitch, Lucr. 3, 681: pingues arae, full of fat and blood, Verg. A. 4, 62: coma, anointed, Mart. 2, 29, 5 (different from Suet. Ner. 20; v. infra 3): mensa, rich, luxurious, Cat. 62, 3; cf.: incusa pingui auro dona, Pers. 2, 52. —Of color, dull, faint, Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115. —Act., that makes fat; hence, meton., fertilizing: pingui flumine Nilus, Verg. A. 9, 31.—3. Thick, dense:
caelum pingue et concretum (opp. caelum tenue et purum), Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130: folia pinguissima, Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53: toga, Suet. Aug. 82: lacernae, Juv. 9, 28: pinguissima coma, very thick, luxuriant hair, Suet. Ner. 20.— 4. Of taste, dull, insipid, not sharp, not pungent:
sapor, Plin. 15, 27, 32, § 106; id. 15, 28, 33, § 109.—II. Trop.
A. Of the mind, dull, gross, heavy, stupid, doltish:
Cordubae natis poëtis pingue quiddam sonantibus et peregrinum, Cic. Arch. 10, 26: pingue videbatur et sibi contrarium, id. Ac. 2, 34, 109: nec prave factis decorari versibus opto, Ne rubeam pingui donatus munere, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 267: pingue sed ingenium mansit, Ov. M. 11, 148: insubidius nescio quid facies et pinguius, Gell. 13, 21 (20), 4: pinguis Minerva, v. Minerva.—C. Calm, quiet, comfortable, easy (poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
et pingui membra quiete levat, Ov. R. Am. 206; id. Am. 1, 13, 7: amor, id. ib. 2, 19, 25: secessus, Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 3: mollem in posterum et pinguem destinare vitam, id. ib. 7, 26, 3: pinguius otium, id. ib. 5, 6, 45.—D. Sleek, spruce, trim, = nitidus:
pexus pinguisque doctor, Quint. 1, 5, 14 Spald.— Hence, adv.: pinguĭter. 1. Lit., fatly, with fatness, Col. 2, 2.—
2. Transf., abundantly, liberally:
pinguius succurrere, Dig. 44, 2, 14.—3. Trop., dully, stupidly:
pinguius aliquid accipere, Dig. 42, 1, 49.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
pinguis e, adj. with comp. and sup.
PAC-, fat : Thebani: Me pinguem vises, H.: Verbenae, juicy , V.: pinguissimus haedulus, Iu.: merum, rich wine , H.: equi humano sanguine, fattened upon , O.—As subst n., grease , V.— Rich, fertile, plump : solum, V.: sanguine pinguior Campus, H.: stabula, hives full of honey , V.: arae, with fat offerings , V.: ficus, juicy , H.: tura pinguīs facientia flammas, with rich fumes , O.: pingui flumine Nilus, fertilizing , V.— Bedaubed, besmeared : crura luto, Iu.— Thick, dense : caelum: lacernae, Iu.— Fig., dull, gross, heavy, stupid, doltish : poëtis pingue quiddam sonantibus: pingui donatus munere, H.: ingenium, O.— Quiet, comfortable, easy : somni, O.: amor, O.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *pīngwis, from Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“fat”), maybe contaminated by *bʰenǵʰ- (“fat, thick”). Cognate with German feist (“fat, plump, obese”). Related also to Dutch vet (“fat”), German fett (“fat, corpulent”), English fat, Icelandic feitur (“fat”). See also pix (“pitch, tar, resin”).
Descendants
- Englishpenguin
- Englishpinguid
- Italianpingue
- Portuguesepingue
- Spanishpingüe
- Romanshpaintg