verbfirst conjugation, deponent
lū̆ctor
lū̆ctor (present infinitive lū̆ctārī or lū̆ctārier, perfect active lū̆ctātus sum)
Classical[ˈɫuːk.tɔr]Ecclesiastical[ˈluk.tor]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- deponentto struggle, strive, contend
- deponentto wrestle, fight
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
corpore contrā corpus pugnō sine armīs; athlētae luctantur.luctor -ārī — in Mille Verba, ch. Lūdī et Ōtium
corpore contrā corpus pugnōluctor -ārī — in Aeneis, ch. 2
Conjugation conjugation 1 deponent
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | lū̆ctor | lū̆ctābar | lū̆ctābor | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | lū̆ctāris lū̆ctāre | lū̆ctābāris lū̆ctābāre | lū̆ctāberis lū̆ctābere | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | lū̆ctātur | lū̆ctābātur | lū̆ctābitur | — | — | — |
| 1st pl. | lū̆ctāmur | lū̆ctābāmur | lū̆ctābimur | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | lū̆ctāminī | lū̆ctābāminī | lū̆ctābiminī | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | lū̆ctantur | lū̆ctābantur | lū̆ctābuntur | — | — | — |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | lū̆cter | lū̆ctārer | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | lū̆ctēris lū̆ctēre | lū̆ctārēris lū̆ctārēre | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | lū̆ctētur | lū̆ctārētur | — | — |
| 1st pl. | lū̆ctēmur | lū̆ctārēmur | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | lū̆ctēminī | lū̆ctārēminī | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | lū̆ctentur | lū̆ctārentur | — | — |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | lū̆ctāre | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | lū̆ctāminī | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | lū̆ctātor | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | lū̆ctātor | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | lū̆ctantor | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | lū̆ctārī lū̆ctārier | — |
| perfect infinitive | lū̆ctātum esse | — |
| future infinitive | lū̆ctātūrum esse | — |
| present participle | lū̆ctāns | — |
| perfect participle | lū̆ctātus lū̆ctāta, lū̆ctātā, lū̆ctātae, lū̆ctātam, lū̆ctātārum, lū̆ctātās, lū̆ctāte, lū̆ctātī, lū̆ctātīs, lū̆ctātō, lū̆ctātōrum, lū̆ctātōs | — |
| future participle | lū̆ctātūrus lū̆ctātūra, lū̆ctātūrā, lū̆ctātūrae, lū̆ctātūram, lū̆ctātūrārum, lū̆ctātūrās, lū̆ctātūre, lū̆ctātūrī, lū̆ctātūrīs, lū̆ctātūrō, lū̆ctātūrōrum, lū̆ctātūrōs, lū̆ctātūrum | lū̆ctandus lū̆ctanda, lū̆ctandā, lū̆ctandae, lū̆ctandam, lū̆ctandārum, lū̆ctandās, lū̆ctande, lū̆ctandīs, lū̆ctandōrum, lū̆ctandōs |
gerundlū̆ctandī, lū̆ctandō, lū̆ctandumsupinelū̆ctātum, lū̆ctātū
luctor, ātus, 1 (
I. part. gen. plur. luctantūm, Prop. 4 (5), 22, 9; act. collat. form: viri validis viribus luctant, Enn. ap. Non. 472, 8: plurimum luctavimus, Plaut. ap. Non. 468, 32; Varr. L. L. 5, 10, § 61 Müll.:
dum luctat, Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 31), v. dep. lucta, q. v., to wrestle. I. Lit.:
ibi cursu luctando disco hasta ... sese exercebant (juventus), Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 24: luctabitur Olympiis Milo, Cic. Fat. 13: fulvā luctantur harenā, Verg. A. 6, 643: luctabatur adsidue, Suet. Ner. 53: paucae (feminae) luctantur, Juv. 2, 53: umeris, ut luctaturi solent, ad occipitium ductis, Quint. 11, 3, 160.—B. Transf, to wrestle, struggle, strive, contend.
a. Of living creatures:
in pestilenti atque arido solo luctari, Liv. 7, 38, 7: boves luctari, Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 177: luctandum in turbā, Hor. S. 2, 6, 28: inter se adversis luctantur cornibus haedi, Verg. G. 2, 526: non luctor de nomine hujus temporis, Ov. F. 6, 69.— (b). With inf. (poet.):
et infracta luctatur harundine telum Eripere, Verg. A. 12, 387: deducere versum, Ov. P. 1, 5, 13: compescere risum, id. H. 17, 161; id. M. 15, 300.— b. Of inanimate things:
et in lento luctantur marmore tonsae, Verg. A, 7, 28: tristia robustis luctantur funera plaustris, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 74; Prop. 4 (5), 1, 147. luctantem Icariis fluctibus Africum, Hor. C. 1, 1, 15; cf.: luctantes venti, Verg. A. 1, 53.—2. In partic., in mal. part.:
cum aliquo, Prop. 2, 1, 13.—II. Trop., of mental or moral strife, to struggle, strive, contend:
non luctabor tecum amplius, Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 74: cum aliquo luctari, id. Sull. 16, 47: Plancus diu, quarum esset partium secum luctatus, Vell. 2, 63, 3; Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 28: cum latentibus nodis, Curt. 3, 1, 18: cum ardore et siccitate regionis, id. 4, 7, 7.—(b). With dat. (poet.):
luctataeque diu tenebris hiemique sibique, Stat. Th. 11, 522: crudo pelago, Sil. 14, 453: morti, id. 10, 296.—(g). With abl.:
ignis viridi luctetur robore, Luc. 3, 503; Vell. 2, 86, 2.—Hence, luctans, antis, P. a., struggling, reluctant: luctantia oscula carpere, Ov. M. 4, 358: composuit luctantia lumina somnus, Sil. 7, 204.—B. In partic., as subst., of cross-beams, rafters, because they oppose and uphold each other like wrestlers, Isid. Orig. 19, 19.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
luctor ātus, ārī, dep.
lucta, a wrestling, to wrestle : luctabitur Olympiis Milon: fulvā luctantur harenā, V.: Achivis doctius unctis, H.— To wrestle, struggle, strive, contend : in pestilenti solo, L.: Luctandum in turbā, H.: Inter se adversis cornibus, V.: de nomine temporis huius, O.: telum Eripere, V.: liberiore frui caelo, O.: in lento luctantur marmore tonsae, V.: Tristia robustis luctantur funera plaustris, H.: luctantes venti, V. —Fig., to struggle, strive, contend : tecum: cum ardore regionis, Cu.: luctata diu ait, after a (mental) struggle , O.
Origins
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”) (whence also lū̆xus, -a, -um (“dislocated”) and lū̆xus, -ūs (“dislocation; splendor”)). Cognate with Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos), Lithuanian lugnas, and Old Norse lykna. Compare with English lock. Per De Vaan, formed as a frequentative from Proto-Italic *luktos, the perfect passive participle form of an unattested non-frequentative verb. De Vaan assumes the stem had a short vowel here and in lū̆xus, despite noting that this is difficult to explain as the word meets the conditions for Lachmann's law to apply; he speculates that a hypothetical nasal present stem (which would regularly have had a short vowel), as found in Celtic, could have exerted analogical influence on the vowel length.
Gallo-Romance
- Catalanlluitarfrom Old Catalan luytar
- Frenchlutterfrom Old French loiter
- Occitanlucharfrom Old Occitan luchar
- Occitanlutarfrom Old Occitan luchar
- Franco-Provençallutar
- Normanlitterfrom Old French loiter
Ibero-Romance
- Portugueselutarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese luitar
- Portugueseluitarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese luitar
- Portugueseluctarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese luitar
- Spanishluchar
- Aragoneseluitar
- Aragoneselutiar
- Aragonesellutiar
- Asturianlluchar
- Galicianloitarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese luitar
Balkan Romance
- Romanianlupta
- Aromanianluptu
- Aromanianalumtu
- Albanianluftoj
Italo-Romance
- Italianlottare
- Lombardlotàfrom Italian lottare
- Lombardlottàfrom Italian lottare
- Piedmonteselotéfrom Italian lottare
- Neapolitanluttà
- Sicilianluttari
- Sicilianalluttari
- Sicilianadduttari
Insular Romance
- Campidaneselottai
- Campidaneseluttai
- Logudoreselottare
- Logudoreseluttare
- Nuoreselottare
North Italian
- Friulianlotâ
- Istriotlutà
- Romanshluchiar
- Romanshlutter
- Romanshluottar
- Venetanlotar