adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective
īnfirmus
īnfirmus (feminine īnfirma, neuter īnfirmum, comparative īnfirmior, superlative īnfirmissimus, adverb īnfirmiter)
Classical[ĩːˈfɪr.mʊs]Ecclesiastical[iɱˈfir.mus]
Meaning
- adjectiveweak, feeble
- adjectiveunhealthy, infirm, indisposed, sick
- adjectiveinconclusive
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
dēbilis, imbēcillusīnfīrmus -a -um — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 10, 23, 24
dēbilis, invalidusīnfirmus -a -um — in Evangelium secundum Marcum, ch. 20
weak
īnfirmus -a -um — in De Bello Gallico III
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | īnfirmus | īnfirma | īnfirmum |
| genitive | īnfirmī | īnfirmae | īnfirmī |
| dative | īnfirmō | īnfirmae | īnfirmō |
| accusative | īnfirmum īnfirmem | īnfirmam īnfirmem | īnfirmum |
| ablative | īnfirmō | īnfirmā | īnfirmō |
| vocative | īnfirme | īnfirma | īnfirmum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | īnfirmī īnfirmēs | īnfirmae īnfirmēs | īnfirma īnfirmia |
| genitive | īnfirmōrum īnfirmium | īnfirmārum īnfirmium | īnfirmōrum īnfirmium |
| dative | īnfirmīs īnfirmibus | īnfirmīs īnfirmibus | īnfirmīs īnfirmibus |
| accusative | īnfirmōs īnfirmēs | īnfirmās īnfirmēs | īnfirma īnfirmia |
| ablative | īnfirmīs īnfirmibus | īnfirmīs īnfirmibus | īnfirmīs īnfirmibus |
| vocative | īnfirmī īnfirmēs | īnfirmae īnfirmēs | īnfirma īnfirmia |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- infirma, aegra valetudine esse or uti
- to be ill, weakly.
in-firmus, a, um (post-class. infir-mis, e, Amm. 20, 6), adj.,
I. not strong, weak, feeble.
I. Lit.:
viribus infirmis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 95: valetudo, id. Brut. 48, 180: classis inops et infirma, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86: valetudo infirmissima, id. de Or. 1, 45. —Hence, infirm, indisposed, sick: sum admodum infirmus, Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 14; Plin. Ep. 7, 26: pecus, i. e. sheep, Ov. Ib. 44: lumen solis, weak, feeble, Luc. 5, 545: infirmior est panis ex polline, less nourishing, Cels. 2, 18: infirmissimus cibarius panis, id. ib.: saporis vinum, Col. 3, 7: infirmissimae arbores, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 217: nervi, weak, id. 23, 2, 28, § 59: civitas exigua et infirma, Caes. B. G. 7, 17.—With ad: infirmi ad resistendum, Caes. B. C. 3, 9, 3: infirmior ad haec omnia, Plin. 36, 20, 37, § 145.—With adversus: fama, infirmissimum adversus viros fortes telum, Curt. 4, 14.— In neutr. pl. subst.: infirma, ōrum, the weak parts: lineae, Plin. 9, 43, 67, § 145.—II. Trop., weak in mind or character, superstitious, pusillanimous, inconstant, light-minded:
tenuis atque infirmi haec animi videri, Caes. B. C. 1, 32: quippe minuti Semper et infirmi est animi voluptas ultio, Juv. 13, 190: sum paulo infirmior, Hor. S. 1, 9, 71: quorum concursu terrentur infirmiores, Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5: homines infirmissimi, very uncertain, not to be depended on, Col. 3, 10, 6.—Of things, of no weight or consequence, weak, trivial, inconclusive: omnino ad probandum utraque res infirma et nugatoria est, Cic. Caecin. 23, 64: quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6: cautiones, id. Fam. 7, 18: infirmiore vinculo (amicitiae) contrahi, Liv. 7, 30, 2. —Hence, advv. A. Form infirmē.
1. Weakly, faintly, not strongly, not very:
infirme animatus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 3. — Of speech, feebly, without vigor of expression: jejune et infirme, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 21.— 2. Weak-mindedly, superstitiously:
tonitrua et fulgura paulo infirmius expavescebat, Suet. Aug. 9. — B. Form infirmĭter, weakly, feebly, without energy:
infirmiter invalideque dicere, Arn. 7, 250.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
īn-fīrmus adj.
with comp. and sup, not strong, weak, feeble, infirm: vires: corpus annis, S.: classis: oves, H.: ex gravi morbo, ill: infirmi ad resistendum, Cs.—Fig., weak, superstitious, pusillanimous, inconstant, light-minded: animus, Cs.: sum paulo infirmior, H.: quorum concursu terrentur infirmiores, Cs.—Of no weight, weak, trivial, inconclusive, invalid: nuptiae, T.: ad probandum res: cautiones: infirmiore vinculo (amicitiae) contrahi, L.: de causis condemnatus infirmissimis.
Origins
From in- (“not”) + firmus (“strong, firm”), from Proto-Italic *en- from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”) + Proto-Italic *fermos from root Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).
Borrowings
- Englishinfirm
- Frenchinfirme
- Romanianinfirmfrom French infirme
- Italianinfirmo
Ibero-Romance
- Portugueseenfermofrom Old Galician-Portuguese enfermo
- Spanishenfermo
- Asturianenfermu
- Mirandeseanfermo
- Mozarabicانڢرم
- Galicianenfermofrom Old Galician-Portuguese enfermo
Italo-Romance
- Italianinfermo
- Corsicaninfermu
- Sicilianinfirmu
Gallo-Romance
- Franco-Provençalenferm
- Bourguignonéfiermefrom Old French enferm
- Franc-Comtoisinfiermefrom Old French enferm
- Old Catalanenferm
- Old Occitaneferm
- Old Occitanenferm
In English words that came into English from īnfirmus
- infirmīnfirmus
- infirmaryinfirmaria