LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
verbfirst conjugation

impugnō

impugnō (present infinitive impugnāre, perfect active impugnāvī, supine impugnātum)
Classical[ɪmˈpʊŋ.noː]Ecclesiastical[imˈpuɲ.ɲo]

Meaning

  1. to attack, fight against
  2. figurativelyto impugn, assail

In the readers how our graded readers gloss it

Conjugation conjugation 1

active indicative
formpresentimperfectfutureperfectpluperfectfut. perfect
1st sg.impugnōimpugnābamimpugnābōimpugnāvīimpugnāveramimpugnāverō
impugnārō
2nd sg.impugnāsimpugnābāsimpugnābisimpugnāvistī
impugnāstī		impugnāverās
impugnārās		impugnāveris
3rd sg.impugnatimpugnābatimpugnābitimpugnāvitimpugnāverat
impugnārat		impugnāverit
impugnārit
1st pl.impugnāmusimpugnābāmusimpugnābimusimpugnāvimusimpugnāverāmusimpugnāverimus
impugnārimus
2nd pl.impugnātisimpugnābātisimpugnābitisimpugnāvistis
impugnāstis		impugnāverātis
impugnārātis		impugnāveritis
impugnāritis
3rd pl.impugnantimpugnābantimpugnābuntimpugnāvērunt
impugnāvēre, impugnārunt		impugnāverant
impugnārant		impugnāverint
impugnārint
active subjunctive
active subjunctive
formpresentimperfectperfectpluperfect
1st sg.impugnemimpugnāremimpugnāverim
impugnārim		impugnāvissem
impugnāssem
2nd sg.impugnēsimpugnārēsimpugnāverīsimpugnāvissēs
impugnāssēs
3rd sg.impugnetimpugnāretimpugnāverit
impugnārit		impugnāvisset
impugnāsset
1st pl.impugnēmusimpugnārēmusimpugnāverīmus
impugnārīmus		impugnāvissēmus
impugnāssēmus
2nd pl.impugnētisimpugnārētisimpugnāverītis
impugnārītis		impugnāvissētis
impugnāssētis
3rd pl.impugnentimpugnārentimpugnāverint
impugnārint		impugnāvissent
impugnāssent
passive indicative
passive indicative
formpresentimperfectfuture
1st sg.impugnorimpugnābarimpugnābor
2nd sg.impugnāris
impugnāre		impugnābāris
impugnābāre		impugnāberis
impugnābere
3rd sg.impugnāturimpugnābāturimpugnābitur
1st pl.impugnāmurimpugnābāmurimpugnābimur
2nd pl.impugnāminīimpugnābāminīimpugnābiminī
3rd pl.impugnanturimpugnābanturimpugnābuntur
passive subjunctive
passive subjunctive
formpresentimperfect
1st sg.impugnerimpugnārer
2nd sg.impugnēris
impugnēre		impugnārēris
impugnārēre
3rd sg.impugnēturimpugnārētur
1st pl.impugnēmurimpugnārēmur
2nd pl.impugnēminīimpugnārēminī
3rd pl.impugnenturimpugnārentur
imperative
imperative
formactivepassive
pres. 2nd sg.impugnāimpugnāre
pres. 2nd pl.impugnāteimpugnāminī
fut. 2nd sg.impugnātōimpugnātor
fut. 3rd sg.impugnātōimpugnātor
fut. 2nd pl.impugnātōte—
fut. 3rd pl.impugnantōimpugnantor
infinitives & participles
infinitives & participles
formactivepassive
present infinitiveimpugnāreimpugnārī
perfect infinitiveimpugnāvisse
impugnāsse		impugnātum esse
future infinitiveimpugnātūrum esseimpugnātum īrī
present participleimpugnāns
impugnante, impugnantem, impugnantēs, impugnantī, impugnantia, impugnantibus, impugnantis, impugnantīs, impugnantium		—
perfect participle—impugnātus
impugnāta, impugnātā, impugnātae, impugnātam, impugnātārum, impugnātās, impugnātī, impugnātōrum, impugnātōs
future participleimpugnātūrus
impugnātūra, impugnātūrā, impugnātūrae, impugnātūram, impugnātūrārum, impugnātūrās, impugnātūre, impugnātūrī, impugnātūrīs, impugnātūrō, impugnātūrōrum, impugnātūrōs, impugnātūrum		impugnandus
impugnanda, impugnandā, impugnandae, impugnandam, impugnandārum, impugnandās, impugnande, impugnandīs, impugnandōrum, impugnandōs
gerundimpugnandī, impugnandō, impugnandumsupineimpugnātum, impugnātū

impugno (inp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. in-pugno,
I. to fight against a person or thing, to attack, assail (class.; esp. in the transf. and trop. signif.; cf.: invado, opprimo, aggredior, adorior).
I. Lit., in the milit. sphere: terga hostium, Liv. 3, 70, 4: Syracusae a cive impugnatae sunt (for which, shortly after, oppugnari), Just. 22, 2. — Absol.: nostri redintegratis viribus acrius impugnare coeperunt, * Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4; Just. 38, 4.—
II. Transf., beyond the milit. sphere, to attack, assail, oppose, impugn: qui (Scaurus) tametsi a principio acerrime regem (Jugurtham) impugnaverat, tamen, etc., Sall. J. 29, 2: cujus vel praecipua opera Bibulum impugnaverat, Suet. Caes. 21; Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 1: veneficiis et devotionibus impugnari, Suet. Calig. 3: saepe quae in aliis litibus impugnarunt actores causarum, eadem in aliis defendunt, Quint. 2, 17, 40: filii caput palam, id. 11, 1, 62: dignitatem alicujus, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 439, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 53, 1: sententiam, Tac. H. 4, 8: meritum et fidem, Ov. M. 5, 151: finitionem alterius, Quint. 7, 3, 22: nostra, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 89; Quint. 4, 1, 14. —Absol.: cum illis id tempus impugnandi detur, Cic. Quint. 2, 8.

Origins

  1. Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
  2. Proto-Italic*en
  3. Proto-Italic*en-
  4. Latinimpugnō

Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der. Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos Proto-Italic *pugnos Latin pugnus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin pugnō Latin impugnō From in- + pugnō (“fight, oppose”).

Descendants
  • Catalanimpugnar
  • Englishimpugn
  • Italianimpugnare
  • Portugueseimpugnar
  • Spanishimpugnar
  • Galicianimpugnar

Quick answers

What does impugnō mean in Latin?
impugnō, a verb, means “to attack, fight against; to impugn, assail”.
What are the principal parts of impugnō?
impugnō, impugnāre, impugnāvī, impugnātum (first conjugation).
How do you pronounce impugnō?
In classical Latin, [ɪmˈpʊŋ.noː]; in ecclesiastical (church) Latin, [imˈpuɲ.ɲo].
Where does impugnō come from?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én → Proto-Italic *en → Proto-Italic *en- → Latin impugnō.