LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
verbfirst conjugation

gravō

gravō (present infinitive gravāre, perfect active gravāvī, supine gravātum)
Classical[ˈɡra.woː]Ecclesiastical[ˈɡraː.vo]

Meaning

  1. to burden, weigh down, oppress
  2. to make pregnant
  3. to aggravate, make worse

Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers

Conjugation conjugation 1

active indicative
formpresentimperfectfutureperfectpluperfectfut. perfect
1st sg.gravōgravābamgravābōgravāvīgravāveramgravāverō
gravārō
2nd sg.gravāsgravābāsgravābisgravāvistī
gravāstī		gravāverās
gravārās		gravāveris
3rd sg.gravatgravābatgravābitgravāvitgravāverat
gravārat		gravāverit
gravārit
1st pl.gravāmusgravābāmusgravābimusgravāvimusgravāverāmusgravāverimus
gravārimus
2nd pl.gravātisgravābātisgravābitisgravāvistis
gravāstis		gravāverātis
gravārātis		gravāveritis
gravāritis
3rd pl.gravantgravābantgravābuntgravāvērunt
gravāvēre, gravārunt		gravāverant
gravārant		gravāverint
gravārint
active subjunctive
active subjunctive
formpresentimperfectperfectpluperfect
1st sg.gravemgravāremgravāverim
gravārim		gravāvissem
gravāssem
2nd sg.gravēsgravārēsgravāverīsgravāvissēs
gravāssēs
3rd sg.gravetgravāretgravāverit
gravārit		gravāvisset
gravāsset
1st pl.gravēmusgravārēmusgravāverīmus
gravārīmus		gravāvissēmus
gravāssēmus
2nd pl.gravētisgravārētisgravāverītis
gravārītis		gravāvissētis
gravāssētis
3rd pl.graventgravārentgravāverint
gravārint		gravāvissent
gravāssent
passive indicative
passive indicative
formpresentimperfectfuture
1st sg.gravorgravābargravābor
2nd sg.gravāris
gravāre		gravābāris
gravābāre		gravāberis
gravābere
3rd sg.gravāturgravābāturgravābitur
1st pl.gravāmurgravābāmurgravābimur
2nd pl.gravāminīgravābāminīgravābiminī
3rd pl.gravanturgravābanturgravābuntur
passive subjunctive
passive subjunctive
formpresentimperfect
1st sg.gravergravārer
2nd sg.gravēris
gravēre		gravārēris
gravārēre
3rd sg.gravēturgravārētur
1st pl.gravēmurgravārēmur
2nd pl.gravēminīgravārēminī
3rd pl.graventurgravārentur
imperative
imperative
formactivepassive
pres. 2nd sg.gravāgravāre
pres. 2nd pl.gravātegravāminī
fut. 2nd sg.gravātōgravātor
fut. 3rd sg.gravātōgravātor
fut. 2nd pl.gravātōte—
fut. 3rd pl.gravantōgravantor
infinitives & participles
infinitives & participles
formactivepassive
present infinitivegravāregravārī
perfect infinitivegravāvisse
gravāsse		gravātum esse
future infinitivegravātūrum essegravātum īrī
present participlegravāns
gravante, gravantem, gravantēs, gravantī, gravantia, gravantibus, gravantis, gravantīs, gravantium		—
perfect participle—gravātus
gravāta, gravātā, gravātae, gravātam, gravātārum, gravātās, gravātī, gravātōrum, gravātōs
future participlegravātūrus
gravātūra, gravātūrā, gravātūrae, gravātūram, gravātūrārum, gravātūrās, gravātūre, gravātūrī, gravātūrīs, gravātūrō, gravātūrōrum, gravātūrōs, gravātūrum		gravandus
gravanda, gravandā, gravandae, gravandam, gravandārum, gravandās, gravande, gravandīs, gravandōrum, gravandōs
gerundgravandī, gravandō, gravandumsupinegravātum, gravātū

grăvo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. gravis.
I. To charge with a load, to load, burden, weigh down, oppress (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).
A. Lit.: praefectum castrorum sarcinis gravant, Tac. A. 1, 20; cf.: ferus Actora magno Ense gravat Capaneus, Stat. Th. 10, 257: non est ingenii cymba gravanda tui, Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 22: aegraque furtivum membra gravabat onus, Ov. H. 11, 38: gravantur arbores fetu, Lucr. 1, 253; cf.: sunt poma gravantia ramos, Ov. M. 13, 812: ne, si demissior ibis, Unda gravet pennas, id. ib. 8, 205: quia pondus illis abest, nec sese ipsi gravant, Quint. 1, 12, 10: stomacho inutilis, nervis inimicus, caput gravans, Plin. 21, 19, 75, § 128: minui quod gravet (corpus) quolibet modo utilius, id. 11, 53, 119, § 284: ne obsidio ipsa multitudine gravaretur, Just. 14, 2, 3; 38, 10, 8; so in pass.: alia die febre commotus est: tertia cum se gravari videret, weighed down, oppressed, Capitol. Anton. 12; and esp. in perf. part.: gravatus somno, Plin. 10, 51, 70, § 136; 26, 1, 4, § 6; 33, 1, 6, § 27: vino, Curt. 6, 11, 28: telis, id. 8, 14, 38: ebrietate, id. 5, 7, 11: cibo, Liv. 1, 7, 5: vino somnoque, id. 25, 24, 6.—
B. Esp., to make pregnant: uterum, Stat. Th. 2, 614: gravatam esse virginem, Lact. 4, 12, 2; id. Epit. 44, 1; cf.: semper gravata lentiscus, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 9, 16; Paul. ex Fest. p. 95, 15. —
C. Trop.
1. To burden, oppress, incommode: nil moror officium, quod me gravat, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 264: septem milia hominum, quos et ipse gravari militia senserat, Liv. 21, 23, 6: sed magis hoc, quo (mala nostra) sunt cognitiora, gravant, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 28. —
2. To make more grievous, aggravate, increase: tu fortunam parce gravare meam, id. ib. 5, 11, 30: quo gravaret invidiam matris, Tac. A. 14, 12: injusto faenore gravatum aes alienum, Liv. 42, 5, 9.—
D. To lower in tone; hence, gram. t. t., to give the grave accent to a vowel (opp. acuo): a littera gravatur, Prisc. 539, 573 P.—
II. Transf., as v. dep.: grăvor, ātus (lit., to be burdened with any thing, to feel burdened; hence), to feel incommoded, vexed, wearied, or annoyed at any thing; to take amiss, to bear with reluctance, to regard as a burden, to do unwillingly (class.); in Cic. only absol. or with an object-clause, afterwards also constr. with acc.
(a). Absol.: non gravabor, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 49: quid gravare? id. Stich. 3, 2, 22: quamquam gravatus fuisti, non nocuit tamen, id. ib. 5, 4, 40: ne gravare, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 19: primo gravari coepit, quod invidiam atque offensionem timere dicebat, Cic. Clu. 25, 69: ego vero non gravarer si, etc., id. Lael. 5, 17: nec gravatus senex dicitur locutus esse, etc., Liv. 9, 3, 9: ille non gravatus, Primum, inquit, etc., Varr. R. R. 1, 3: spem ac metum juxta gravatus Vitellius ictum venis intulit, Tac. A. 6, 3: benignus erga me ut siet: ne gravetur, Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 15.—
(b). With an object-clause: rogo, ut ne graveris exaedificare id opus, quod instituisti, Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 164; 1, 23, 107; id. Fam. 7, 14, 1: ne graventur, sua quoque ad eum postulata deferre, Caes. B. C. 1, 9: quod illi quoque gravati prius essent ad populandam Macedoniam exire, Liv. 31, 46, 4: tibi non gravabor reddere dilatae pugnae rationem, id. 34, 38, 3; Curt. 9, 1, 8; 6, 8, 12; Suet. Aug. 34 al.—
(g). With acc.: Pegasus terrenum equitem gravatus Bellerophontem, disdaining to bear, throwing off, Hor. C. 4, 11, 27: at illum acerbum et sanguinarium necesse est graventur stipatores sui, be weary of supporting, Sen. Clem. 1, 12 fin.: matrem, Suet. Ner. 34: ampla et operosa praetoria, id. Aug. 72: aspectum civium, Tac. A. 3, 59 fin.: spem ac metum juxta gravatus, id. ib. 5, 8; Quint. 1, 1, 11.— Hence, adv. in two forms:
A. grăvātē (acc. to II.), with difficulty or reluctance, unwillingly, grudgingly: non gravate respondere, Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 208; opp. gratuito, id. Off. 2, 19, 66; opp. benigne, id. Balb. 16, 36: Canius contendit a Pythio ut venderet: gravate ille primo, id. Off. 3, 14, 59: qui cum haud gravate venissent, Liv. 3, 4, 6 Weissenb. (al. gravati): concedere, id. 42, 43, 2.—Comp.: manus et plantas ad saviandum gravatius porrigere, Front. ad M. Caes. 4, 12 fin.—
B. grăvanter, with reluctance, unwillingly: reguli Gallorum haud gravanter venerunt, Liv. 21, 24, 5 Weissenb. (al. gravate); Cassiod. Varr. 4, 5.

Origins

  1. Proto-Indo-European*gʷreh₂-
  2. Proto-Indo-European*gʷréh₂us
  3. Proto-Italic*gʷraus
  4. Latingravō

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin gravō From gravis (“heavy”) + -ō.

Descendants
  • Englishgrieve
  • Frenchgrever
  • Spanishgravar
  • Italiangravare
  • Portuguesegravar
  • Old Catalangreujarfrom Vulgar Latin *graviare
  • Normangrégirfrom Vulgar Latin *graviare
  • Old Occitangreujarfrom Vulgar Latin *graviare

In English words that came into English from gravō

  • grievegravō
  • aggravateaggravātus
  • grievousgravō
  • gravidgravidus
  • aggrievegravare
  • gravamengravāmen
  • primigravidaprīmus
  • graviditygraviditas
  • aggrege*aggraviō

Quick answers

What does gravō mean in Latin?
gravō, a verb, means “to burden, weigh down, oppress; to make pregnant; to aggravate, make worse”.
What are the principal parts of gravō?
gravō, gravāre, gravāvī, gravātum (first conjugation).
How do you pronounce gravō?
In classical Latin, [ˈɡra.woː]; in ecclesiastical (church) Latin, [ˈɡraː.vo].
Where does gravō come from?
Proto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂- → Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us → Proto-Italic *gʷraus → Latin gravō.
Which English words come from gravō?
English words that go back to Latin gravō include grieve, grievous, aggrieve, aggravate, gravid and gravamen.