noun · masculinefourth declension
gradus
gradus m (genitive gradūs)
Classical[ˈɡra.dʊs]Ecclesiastical[ˈɡraː.dus]
№ 577 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- masculinea step, pace
- masculinea grade
- masculinea stage, degree
- masculinea rank
- broadlymasculinea position, station, ground
- masculinefirm position, stand
- masculinea step, stair, rung of a ladder
- masculinea braid of hair
- masculinedegree
Motus, seu locus, per signa, gradus, minuta, et secunda constitutus, intelligitur (secundum regulam Alphonsi) signa physica, id est quodlibet signum ex 60 gradibus compositum, et quilibet gradus ex 60 minutis, et quodlibet minutum ex 60 secundis, et sic succesivem: et per consequens, sex signa totum circulum perficiunt.
A motion, or location, for a sign, being composed of degrees, minutes, and seconds, is understood (according to the rule of Alphonse) to be a physical sign, that is, every sign is composed of 60 degrees, and every degree of 60 minutes, and every minute of 60 seconds, and so on and so forth: and in consequence, six signs make up an entire circle.1553, Luminarum atque Planetarum motuum Tabulae octogina quinque, omnium ex his quae Alphonsum sequuntur quam faciles:
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ūnus mōtus pedis euntis; parvō gradū īmus.gradus -ūs m — in Mille Verba, ch. Via et Iter
locus dignitātisgradus -ūs (m) — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 9
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Gradus · Gressus · Passus
1. Gressus denotes a step subjectively, whereas gradus objectively. Gressus is a step that is being taken; gradus that is taken. 2. Gressus is a product of going, but passus, of standing also, if the feet are at the same distance from each other as in walking. Gressus denotes any separation of the feet, whether longer or shorter, quicker or slower, whether deserving the name of step or not; whereas passus means a regular measured step, which at the same time serves as a measure of length. Virg. Æn. i. 414. Tendere gressus ad mœnia: comp. with ii. 723. Iulus sequitur patrem non passibus æquis. (iv. 58.)
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | gradus | gradūs |
| genitive | gradūs | graduum |
| dative | graduī | gradibus |
| accusative | gradum | gradūs |
| ablative | gradū | gradibus |
| vocative | gradus | gradūs |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- gradum facere
- to take a step.
- suspenso gradu
- on tiptoe.
- gradum sistere
- to halt.
- gradum sensim referre
- to retreat step by step.
- gradum inferre in hostem
- to march on the enemy.
- de gradu deici, ut dicitur
- to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted.
- dignitatis gradum ascendere
- to attain a position of dignity.
- aliquem de dignitatis gradu demovere
- to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6).
7 more phrases
- gradum addere (sc. gradui) (Liv. 26. 9)
- to increase one's pace.
- citato gradu incedere (cf. sect. II. 5)
- to advance rapidly.
- amplissimos honorum gradus assequi, adipisci
- to reach the highest grade of office.
- aliquem gradu movere, depellere or de gradu (statu) deicere
- to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6).
- in altissimo dignitatis gradu collocatum, locatum, positum esse
- to occupy a very high position in the state.
- aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis gradu praecipitare (Dom. 37. 98)
- to depose, bring down a person from his elevated position.
- animum alicuius de statu, de gradu demovere (more strongly depellere, deturbare)
- to disconcert a person.
grădus, ūs (archaic
I. gen. sing. graduis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 17; dat. gradu, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. remeligines, p. 276 Müll.), m. kindr. with Sanscr. kram, to go; v. gradior, a step, pace (cf.: gressus, passus, incessus).
I. Lit.:
ad hanc conversionem, quae pedibus et gradu non egeret, ingrediendi membra non dedit, Cic. Univ. 6: quaenam vox ex te resonans meo gradu remoram facit? Lucil. l. l.: gradum proferre pedum, Enn. ap. Fest. S. V. PEDUM, p. 249, a Müll. (Trag. v. 248 Vahl.): quo nunc incerta re atque inorata gradum Regredere conare? id. ap. Non. 166, 23 (Trag. v. 12 Vahl.): gradum facere, Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249: tollere gradum, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: ad forum suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi, Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 27: quieto et placido gradu sequi, Phaedr. 2, 7, 6; cf., on the contrary: celeri gradu Eunt uterque, Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 22: ut tu es gradibus grandibus, id. Ep. 1, 1, 11: citato gradu in hostem ducere, Liv. 28, 14, 17: concito gradu properare, Phaedr. 3, 2, 11: gradum celerare, to hasten, Verg. A. 4, 641: so, corripere, Hor. C. 1, 3, 33: addere, Liv. 26, 9, 5: sistere, Verg. A. 6, 465: sustinere, Ov. F. 6, 398: revocare, Verg. A. 6, 128: referre, Ov. F. 5, 502: vertere, Stat. Th. 8, 138 et saep.: peditum aciem instructam pleno gradu in hostem inducit, at full pace, at a quick step, Liv. 4, 32, 10; 34, 15, 3; 34, 16, 2; cf.: militari gradu viginti milia passuum horis quinque dumtaxat aestivis conficienda sunt; pleno autem gradu, qui citatior est, totidem horis XXIV. milia peragenda sunt, Veg. 1, 9: modico gradu, Liv. 30, 5, 3: presso gradu, = βάδην, with measured step, a moderate pace, id. 28, 14, 14: citato gradu, id. 28, 14, 17; Trebon. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 2: non gradu, sed praecipiti cursu a virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum, step by step, = gradatim, Vell. 2, 1, 1: per gradus, Ov. M. 2, 354.—B. Trop., a step, stage, degree:
quem mortis timuit gradum, pace, approach, Hor. C. 1, 3, 17: hunc quasi gradum quendam atque aditum ad cetera factum intelligitis, Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 38; cf.: itaque majoribus nostris in Africam ex hac provincia gradus imperii factus est, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8; so, Crassus Licinius nec consul nec praetor ante fuerat, quam censor est factus: ex aedilitate gradum censuram fecit, Liv. 27, 6, 17; 6, 35, 2 Drak.: hunc gradum mei reditus esse, quod mulieres revertissent, a step towards my return, Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2; cf. Liv. 6, 42, 2: notitiam primosque gradus vicinia fecit: Tempore crevit amor, Ov. M. 4, 59; cf. Prop. 1, 13, 8: cum consuleretur, quid sentiret, Non possum, inquit, tibi dicere: nescio enim quid de gradu faciat: tamquam de essedario interrogaretur, i. e. of the Peripatetics, Sen. Ep. 29: etsi spondeus, quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior, habet tamen stabilem quendam et non expertem dignitatis gradum, pace, Cic. Or. 64, 216.II. Transf.
A. In milit. and gladiator's lang., station, position, ground taken by a combatant:
obnisos vos (velim) stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere, Liv. 6, 12, 8; cf. Tac. H. 2, 35: de gradu libero ac stabili conari, Liv. 34, 39, 3: in suo quisque gradu obnixi, urgentes scutis, sine respiratione ac respectu pugnabant, id. 8, 38, 11: inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere, Ov. M. 9, 43: hostes gradu demoti, Liv. 6, 32, 8 Drak. N. cr.; for which: turbare ac statu movere, id. 30, 18, 4.—2. Trop., a firm position or stand:
corda virum mansere gradu, i. e. firm, steadfast, Sil. 16, 21: fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis, nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur, to let one's self be disconcerted, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80; cf.: dejectus de gradu, id. Att. 16, 15, 3: motus gradu, Sen. Const. Sap. 19: gradu depulsus, Nep. Them. 5, 1; cf.: nam si gradum, si caritatem filii apud te haberem, Liv. 40, 9, 3.—B. That on which one steps, a step or round of a ladder, a stair.
1. Lit. (usu. in plur.): quemadmodum scalarum gradus si alios tollas, alios incidas, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3:
haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nituntur gradibus, Verg. A. 2, 443: gradus templorum, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 5: gradus ejusdem templi tollebantur, id. Sest. 15, 34; cf.: aerea cui (templo) gradibus surgebant limina, Verg. A. 1, 448; Vell. 2, 3, 1: pro Palatii gradibus, Suet. Ner. 8; id. Vit. 15: praeceps per gradus ire, id. Calig. 35: si gradibus trepidatur ab imis, Juv. 3, 200.—(b). Sing.:
cum dextro pede primus gradus ascenditur, Vitr. 3, 3.—b. Transf., of things that rise by steps.
(a). In hair-dressing, a braid of hair:
caput in gradus atque anulos comptum, Quint. 12, 10, 47: comam in gradus frangere, id. 1, 6, 44; cf.: coma in gradus formata, Suet. Ner. 51.—(b). In econom. lang., a spit or such a depth of earth as can be dug at once with the spade, Col. 3, 13, 19; 4, 1, 3.—
(g). In math., a degree of a circle, Manil. 1, 579.—
(d). In veterin. lang., a wrinkle on the roof of a horse's mouth, Veg. Vet. 1, 2; 32; 4, 2.—
2. Trop., a step, degree in tones, in age, relationship, rank, etc. (equally common in sing. and plur.):
ille princeps variabit et mutabit, omnes sonorum tum intendens tum remittens persequetur gradus, Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. id. de Or. 3, 61, 227: ab ima ad summam (vocem) ac retro multi sunt gradus, Quint. 11, 3, 15; cf. Vulg. Psa. 119 Tit. et saep.: Paulatim gradus aetatis scandere adultae, Lucr. 2, 1123; cf.: quod tanta penuria est in omni vel honoris vel aetatis gradu, ut, etc., Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 3; so, aetatis, Vell. 2, 36, 2; Quint. 3, 7, 15; Suet. Aug. 79; id. Tit. 3 al.: unus gradus et una progenies, Lact. 2, 10, 10: nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est, totidemque gradus distamus ab illo, Ov. M. 13, 143; cf.: a matre Magnum Pompeium artissimo contingebat gradu, Suet. Aug. 4; id. Ner. 2: qui (populus) te tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit, Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28: gradus dignitatis, id. Rep. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 1, 27 fin.—Sing.: ex tam alto dignitatis gradu, Cic. Lael. 3, 12 fin.: gradus altior, altissimus, amplissimus, dignitatis, id. Clu. 55, 150; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; id. Mur. 14, 30; cf. also id. ib. 27, 55: summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenere et dignitatis et gratiae, id. Planc. 13, 32: a senatorio gradu longe abesse, id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61; cf.: ascendens gradibus magistratuum, id. Brut. 81, 281.—Without gen.: etenim quis est civis praesertim hoc gradu, quo me vos esse voluistis, tam oblitus beneficii vestri, etc., id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; id. Ac. 2, 2, 6: omni gradu amplissimo dignissimus, id. Fam. 6, 10, 2: gradus officiorum, id. Off. 1, 45, 160: temporum servantur gradus, id. Part. 4, 12: cf.: non iidem erunt necessitudinum gradus qui temporum, id. Off. 1, 18, 59: gradus cognationis, Dig. 38, 10, 1 sqq.: v. de gradibus, Paul. Sent. 4, 11, 1-8: agnationis, Gai. Inst. 3, 10, 11: si plures eodem gradu sint agnati, Ulp. Fragm. 26, 5: cognati ex transverso gradu usque ad quartum gradum, i. e. collateral kindred (opp. parentes et liberi), id. ib. 5, 6: gradus plures sunt societatis hominum, id. ib. 1, 17, 53: peccatorum gradus, id. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 172: oratorum aetates et gradus, id. Brut. 32, 122; cf.: gradus et dissimilitudines Atticorum, id. ib. 82, 285: accendendi judicis plures sunt gradus, Quint. 11, 3, 166; 6, 4, 67: nec gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus; Illa domus meritis Maxima dicta suis, Ov. F. 1, 605: si ita esset, quid opus erat te gradatim istuc pervenire? . . . A beatis ad virtutem, a virtute ad rationem video te venisse gradibus, Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 89; cf.: omnes gradus virtutis implere, Lact. 5, 14, 18; and: hi plerumque gradus, Juv. 11, 46.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
gradus ūs, m
GRAD-, a step, pace, gait, walk : gradum facere: Suspenso gradu ire, T.: quieto et placido gradu sequi, Ph.: citato gradu, L.: concito gradu, Ph.: pleno gradu, at a quick step , S.: presso gradu, at a moderate pace , L.: gradum celerare, hasten , V.: conripere, H.: addere, L.: sistere, V.: sustinere, O.: revocare, V.: referre, O.: ferre per agmen gradūs, charge , O.— A station, position, ground : stabili gradu impetum excipere, L.: In gradu stetimus, O.: hostes gradu demoti, L.—Plur, steps, rounds, stairs : in gradibus Concordiae stare: templi: cui (templo) gradibus surgebant limina, V.: si gradibus trepidatur ab imis, Iu.—Fig., a step, stage, degree, grade : ex aedilitate gradum ad censuram fecit, L.: hunc gradum mei reditūs esse, quod, etc., towards my return : primos gradūs vicina fecit (of love), O.: gradu post me sedet uno, H.— An approach, advance, progress, march : Quem mortis timuit gradum? form , H.: imperi: spondeus habet non expertem dignitatis gradum, march.—A step, degree, grade, stage, rank, interval : civis hoc gradu: senatorius: gradu amplissimo dignissimus: omnes sonorum, notes : totidem gradūs distamus ab illo, O.: per omnīs honorum gradūs: altior dignitatis: ascendens gradibus magistratuum: sonorum gradūs, intervals : peccatorum gradūs: cognominis, distinction , O.: Per gradūs (i. e. gradatim), O.: Hi plerumque gradūs, stages (of ruin), Iu.— Self-possession : de gradu deici, be disconcerted.—A position, relation : gradu depulsus, overthrown , N.: gradum filii apud te habere, L.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *graðus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). See gradior (“to step, walk”) for discussion on cognates.
Descendants
- Catalangrau
- Spanishgraofrom Catalan grau
- Italiangrado
- Occitangra
- Portuguesegraufrom Old Galician-Portuguese grao
- Spanishgradofrom Old Spanish grado
- Catalangradafrom Vulgar Latin *grada
- Spanishgradafrom Vulgar Latin *grada
- Occitangrasafrom Vulgar Latin *grada
- Frenchdegréfrom Vulgar Latin *dēgradus