verbsecond conjugation, impersonal in the passive
ferveō
ferveō (present infinitive fervēre, perfect active ferbuī or fervī, supine fervitum)
Classical[ˈfɛr.we.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈfɛr.ve.o]
Meaning
- impersonalto be hot
- impersonalto burn
- impersonalto boil; seethe, foam
- figurativelyimpersonalto come or swarm forth in great numbers, be alive with, teem, abound
[…]pars grandia trūdunt ¶ obnīxae frūmenta umerīs; pars agmina cōgunt ¶ castīgantque morās; opere omnis sēmita fervet.
[The Trojans are compared to an army of ants carrying food:] Some struggle against big grains, pushing with their shoulders; others marshal the ranks and rebuke delays: The whole trail swarms with activity.29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.405–407 - figurativelyimpersonalto be inflamed, agitated or fired up
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
calidissimus sumferveō -ēre — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 2
ārdenter agor, quasi būlliōferveō -ēre — in Aeneis, ch. 3
boil, seethe
ferveō -ēre — in De Bello Gallico III
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Calere · Fervere · Æstuare · Calefacere · Fovere
1. Calere and fervere denote, objectively, warmth by itself, and, indeed, calidus (κηλέῳ πυρί), in opp. to frigidus, a moderate degree of warmth, but fervidus, in opp. to gelidus, a degree of warmth on the point of boiling, heat; whereas æstuare (from αἴθω), subjectively, the feeling of heat, in opp. to algere. (iii. 89.) 2. Calefacere means to make warm, in a purely physical sense, without any accessory notion; whereas fovere (from ἀφαύω), with reference to the genial sensation, or salutary effect of the warmth. (vi. 48.)
Conjugation conjugation 2
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ferveō | fervēbam | fervēbō | ferbuī fervī | ferbueram ferveram | ferbuerō ferverō |
| 2nd sg. | fervēs | fervēbās | fervēbis | ferbuistī fervistī | ferbuerās ferverās | ferbueris ferveris |
| 3rd sg. | fervet | fervēbat | fervēbit | ferbuit fervit | ferbuerat ferverat | ferbuerit ferverit |
| 1st pl. | fervēmus | fervēbāmus | fervēbimus | ferbuimus fervimus | ferbuerāmus ferverāmus | ferbuerimus ferverimus |
| 2nd pl. | fervētis | fervēbātis | fervēbitis | ferbuistis fervistis | ferbuerātis ferverātis | ferbueritis ferveritis |
| 3rd pl. | fervent | fervēbant | fervēbunt | ferbuērunt ferbuēre, fervērunt, fervēre | ferbuerant ferverant | ferbuerint ferverint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | ferveam | fervērem | ferbuerim ferverim | ferbuissem fervissem |
| 2nd sg. | ferveās | fervērēs | ferbuerīs ferverīs | ferbuissēs fervissēs |
| 3rd sg. | ferveat | fervēret | ferbuerit ferverit | ferbuisset fervisset |
| 1st pl. | ferveāmus | fervērēmus | ferbuerīmus ferverīmus | ferbuissēmus fervissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | ferveātis | fervērētis | ferbuerītis ferverītis | ferbuissētis fervissētis |
| 3rd pl. | ferveant | fervērent | ferbuerint ferverint | ferbuissent fervissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | fervētur | fervēbātur | fervēbitur |
| 1st pl. | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | — | — | — |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | ferveātur | fervērētur |
| 1st pl. | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | — | — |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | fervē | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | fervēte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | fervētō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | fervētō | fervētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | fervētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | ferventō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | fervēre | fervērī |
| perfect infinitive | ferbuisse fervisse | fervitum esse |
| future infinitive | fervitūrum esse | fervitum īrī |
| present participle | fervēns fervente, ferventem, ferventēs, ferventī, ferventia, ferventibus, ferventis, ferventīs, ferventium | — |
| perfect participle | — | fervitum |
| future participle | fervitūrus | fervendum |
gerundfervendī, fervendō, fervendumsupinefervitum, fervitū
fervĕo, bŭi, 2, or fervo, vi, 3 (the latter form ante-and post-class., Plaut. Pseud. 3, 2, 51; Lucr. 2, 41 al.; poet. in class. per., e.g. Verg. G. 1, 456; id. A. 8, 677; Prop. 2, 8, 32;
I.
not in Hor.: si quis antiquos secutus fervĕre brevi media syllaba dicat, deprehendatur vitiose loqui, etc., Quint. 1, 6, 7), v. n. root φρυ-, to wave, flicker; Sanscr. bhur-, be restless; cf. φρέαρ, Germ. Brunnen, Lat. fretum; v. Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 140; Georg Curtius Gr. Etym. p. 304, to be boiling hot, to boil, ferment, glow (class.; most freq. in poets.; syn.: calere, aestuare, ebullire, ardescere, ignescere; ardere, flagrare, tepere). I. Lit.
(a). Form ferveo:
cum aliqua jam parte mustum excoctum in se fervebit, Col. 12, 19, 5: quaecumque immundis fervent allata popinis, steam, smoke, Hor. S. 2, 4, 62: bacas bullire facies: et ubi diu ferbuerint, Pall. Jan. 19: exemptusque testa, Qua modo ferbuerat Lyaeus, Stat. S. 4, 5, 16: stomachus domini fervet vino, Juv. 5, 49.—(b). Form fervo: fervit aqua et fervet: fervit nunc, fervet ad annum, Lucil. ap. Quint. 1, 6, 8: quando (ahenum) fervit, Titin. ap. Non. 503, 5: facite ut ignis fervat, Pomp. ap. Non. 504, 27:
postea ferve bene facito (brassicam): ubi ferverit, in catinum indito, Cato, R. R. 157, 9: sol fervit, is hot, Gell. 2, 29, 10.—(g). In an uncertain form;
ferventem, Plin. 32, 5, 18, § 51: fervere, id. 14, 9, 11, § 83.—II. Poet. transf.
1. To boil up, foam, rage:
omne Excitat (turbo) ingenti sonitu mare, fervĕre cogens, Lucr. 6, 442: omnia tunc pariter vento nimbisque videbis Ferĕre, Verg. G. 1, 456.—2. To be in a ferment, to swarm with numbers; to come forth in great numbers, to swarm forth: fervĕre piratis vastarique omnia circum, Varr. ap. Non. 503, 22:
Marte Fervĕre Leucaten, Verg. A. 8, 677; cf.: opere omnis semita fervet ... Quosque dabas gemitus, cum litora fervĕre late Prospiceres, id. ib. 4, 407 sq.: fora litibus omnia fervent, Mart. 2, 64, 7: forte tuas legiones per loca campi fervere cum videas, Lucr. 2, 41: fervere classem, id. 2, 47; Att. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 78 Müll. (Trag. v. 483 Rib.): fervent examina putri De bove, Ov. F. 1, 379; Val. Fl. 6, 588; Sil. 6, 317; 9, 243 al.—III. Trop., to burn or glow, to be heated, inflamed or agitated, to rage, rave.
(a). Form ferveo:
usque eo fervet efferturque avaritia, ut, etc., Cic. Quint. 11, 38; cf.: fervet avaritiā miseroque cupidine pectus, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 33: et fervent multo linguaque corque mero, Ov. F. 2, 732: animus tumida fervebat ab ira, id. M. 2, 602: fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore, rages, Hor. C. 4, 2, 7: fervet opus redolentque thymo fragrantia mella, glows, i. e. is carried on briskly, Verg. G. 4, 169; Lucil. Aetna, 167: inter vos libertorumque cohortem Pugna fervet, Juv. 5, 29: equus cui plurima palma fervet, shines, id. 8, 59.—Poet., with inf.: sceptrumque capessere fervet, burns, i. e. eagerly desires, Claud. ap. Ruf. 2, 295: stagna secare, id. B. Gild. 350.—(b). Form fervo: heu cor irā fervit caecum, amentiā rapior ferorque, Att. ap. Non. 503, 7; cf.:
cum fervit maxime, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 18 (Prisc. p. 866 P.): hoc nunc fervit animus, hoc volo, Afran. ap. Non. 503, 9: domus haec fervit flagiti, Pomp. ib. 8: se fervere caede Lacaenae, Val. Fl. 7, 150; cf.: hostem fervere caede novā, Verg. A. 9, 693.—Pass. impers.: quanta vociferatione fervitur! Afran. ap. Non. 505, 25.— Hence, fervens, entis, P. a., boiling hot, glowing, burning. A. Lit.:
foculi, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 67: aqua, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67; cf.: ferventissima aqua, Col. 12, 50, 21: ferventes fusili ex argilla glandes, * Caes. B. G. 5, 43, 1: rotae, swift, Sil. 2, 199; cf. Ov. P. 1, 8, 68: aurum, shining, Mart. 10, 74, 6: in cinere ferventi leniter decoquere, Plin. 25, 8, 50, § 90: saxa vapore, Lucr. 1, 491: cera, Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 127: dictamnum fervens et acre gustu, id. 25, 8, 53, § 92: horae diei, id. 17, 22, 35, § 189: vulnus, smoking, warm, Ov. M. 4, 120: ferventia caedibus arva, Sil. 9, 483: (fluvius) Spumeus et fervens, raging, Ov. M. 3, 571: vultus modesto sanguine, glowing, blushing, Juv. 10, 300.— Subst.: si ferventia os intus exusserint, Plin. 30, 4, 9, § 27.—2. Transf., of sound, hissing:
(sono) resultante in duris, fervente in umidis, Plin. 2, 80, 82, § 193.—B. Trop., hot, heated, inflamed, impetuous:
fortis animus et magnus in homine non perfecto nec sapiente ferventior plerumque est, too ardent and impetuous, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 46: ferventes latrones, violent, furious, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 3: quale fuit Cassi rapido ferventius amni Ingenium, impetuous, Hor. S. 1, 10, 62: meum Fervens difficili bile tumet jecur, id. C. 1, 13, 4: fervens ira oculis, sparkling, Ov. M. 8, 466: mero fervens, drunken, Juv. 3, 283.—Sup.: in re ferventissima friges, Auct. Her. 4, 15, 21.— Hence, adv.: ferventer, hotly, warmly: ferventer loqui, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2; cf.: ferventissime concerpi, id. ib. 8, 6, 5: ferventius, Aug. de Genes. ad Lit. 2, 5.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ferveō —, —, ēre
FVR-, to be boiling hot, boil, ferment, glow, steam : Quaecumque immundis fervent adlata popinis, H.: stomachus fervet vino, Iu.— To be in a ferment, swarm, throng, surge : opere omnis semita fervet, V.: fervent examina putri De bove, O.: Fervet opus, is hotly pressed , V.—Fig., to burn, glow, be heated, be inflamed, be agitated, rage, rave : usque eo fervet avaritia, ut. etc.: Fervet avaritiā pectus, H.: animus tumidā fervebat ab irā, O.: equus cui plurima palma Fervet, shines , Iu.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-der. Proto-Italic *ferwejō Proto-Italic *ferweō Latin ferveō Inherited from Proto-Italic *ferweō, from *ferwejō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-. Cognate with Ancient Greek φρέαρ (phréar), Old Armenian բորբ (borb), Welsh berw (“to boil”), English burn, brew, per De Vaan citing Schrijver.
Descendants
- Italianfervere
- Portugueseferver
- Romanianfierbe
- Romanianfierbere
- Spanishhervir
- Aromanianherbu
- Aromanianhjerbu
- Aromanianhearbiri
- Asturianferver
- Galicianferver
In English words that came into English from ferveō
- fermentfermentō
- ferventferventem
- fervorfervor
- effervescenteffervescens
- effervesceeffervesco
- defervescedefervesco
- fervidfervidus
- perfervidperfervidus
- defervescencedefervescere
- fervescentfervescens
- confervacōnferva
- consoundcōnsolida