LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
verbfirst conjugation

exspīrō

exspīrō (present infinitive exspīrāre, perfect active exspīrāvī, supine exspīrātum)
Classical[ɛks(ː)piː.roː]Ecclesiastical[eksˈspiː.ro]
exspīrātus perf. pass. ptcp.

Meaning

  1. to exhale (breathe out)
  2. to expire
  3. to die

Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers

Conjugation conjugation 1

active indicative
formpresentimperfectfutureperfectpluperfectfut. perfect
1st sg.exspīrōexspīrābamexspīrābōexspīrāvīexspīrāveramexspīrāverō
exspīrārō
2nd sg.exspīrāsexspīrābāsexspīrābisexspīrāvistī
exspīrāstī		exspīrāverās
exspīrārās		exspīrāveris
3rd sg.exspīratexspīrābatexspīrābitexspīrāvitexspīrāverat
exspīrārat		exspīrāverit
exspīrārit
1st pl.exspīrāmusexspīrābāmusexspīrābimusexspīrāvimusexspīrāverāmusexspīrāverimus
exspīrārimus
2nd pl.exspīrātisexspīrābātisexspīrābitisexspīrāvistis
exspīrāstis		exspīrāverātis
exspīrārātis		exspīrāveritis
exspīrāritis
3rd pl.exspīrantexspīrābantexspīrābuntexspīrāvērunt
exspīrāvēre, exspīrārunt		exspīrāverant
exspīrārant		exspīrāverint
exspīrārint
active subjunctive
active subjunctive
formpresentimperfectperfectpluperfect
1st sg.exspīremexspīrāremexspīrāverim
exspīrārim		exspīrāvissem
exspīrāssem
2nd sg.exspīrēsexspīrārēsexspīrāverīsexspīrāvissēs
exspīrāssēs
3rd sg.exspīretexspīrāretexspīrāverit
exspīrārit		exspīrāvisset
exspīrāsset
1st pl.exspīrēmusexspīrārēmusexspīrāverīmus
exspīrārīmus		exspīrāvissēmus
exspīrāssēmus
2nd pl.exspīrētisexspīrārētisexspīrāverītis
exspīrārītis		exspīrāvissētis
exspīrāssētis
3rd pl.exspīrentexspīrārentexspīrāverint
exspīrārint		exspīrāvissent
exspīrāssent
passive indicative
passive indicative
formpresentimperfectfuture
1st sg.exspīrorexspīrābarexspīrābor
2nd sg.exspīrāris
exspīrāre		exspīrābāris
exspīrābāre		exspīrāberis
exspīrābere
3rd sg.exspīrāturexspīrābāturexspīrābitur
1st pl.exspīrāmurexspīrābāmurexspīrābimur
2nd pl.exspīrāminīexspīrābāminīexspīrābiminī
3rd pl.exspīranturexspīrābanturexspīrābuntur
passive subjunctive
passive subjunctive
formpresentimperfect
1st sg.exspīrerexspīrārer
2nd sg.exspīrēris
exspīrēre		exspīrārēris
exspīrārēre
3rd sg.exspīrēturexspīrārētur
1st pl.exspīrēmurexspīrārēmur
2nd pl.exspīrēminīexspīrārēminī
3rd pl.exspīrenturexspīrārentur
imperative
imperative
formactivepassive
pres. 2nd sg.exspīrāexspīrāre
pres. 2nd pl.exspīrāteexspīrāminī
fut. 2nd sg.exspīrātōexspīrātor
fut. 3rd sg.exspīrātōexspīrātor
fut. 2nd pl.exspīrātōte—
fut. 3rd pl.exspīrantōexspīrantor
infinitives & participles
formactivepassive
present infinitiveexspīrāreexspīrārī
perfect infinitiveexspīrāvisse
exspīrāsse		exspīrātum esse
future infinitiveexspīrātūrum esseexspīrātum īrī
present participleexspīrāns—
perfect participle—exspīrātus
exspīrāta, exspīrātā, exspīrātae, exspīrātam, exspīrātārum, exspīrātās, exspīrātī, exspīrātōrum, exspīrātōs
future participleexspīrātūrus
exspīrātūra, exspīrātūrā, exspīrātūrae, exspīrātūram, exspīrātūrārum, exspīrātūrās, exspīrātūre, exspīrātūrī, exspīrātūrīs, exspīrātūrō, exspīrātūrōrum, exspīrātūrōs, exspīrātūrum		exspīrandus
exspīranda, exspīrandā, exspīrandae, exspīrandam, exspīrandārum, exspīrandās, exspīrande, exspīrandīs, exspīrandōrum, exspīrandōs
gerundexspīrandī, exspīrandō, exspīrandumsupineexspīrātum, exspīrātū

ex-spīro (expīro), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. and Caes.).
I. Act., to breathe out, to emit, to blow out, to exhale, give out: animam pulmonibus, Lucil. ap. Non. 38, 27: animam medios in ignes, Ov. M. 5, 106: auras, id. ib. 3, 121: flumen sanguinis de pectore, Lucr. 2, 354; cf.: flammas pectore, Verg. A. 1, 44: odorem de corpore, Lucr. 4, 124: sonos per saxa (unda), Sil. 9, 285: colorem (uniones), Plin. 9, 35, 56, § 115.—
B. Poet. transf.: cadavera vermes, i. e. send forth, produce, Lucr. 3, 720: silva comas tollit fructumque exspirat in umbras, i. e. spreads out into foliage, Stat. S. 5, 2, 70.—
C. Exspirare animam, to expire, die, Gell. 3, 15 init.—
II. Neutr.
A. To rush forth, come forth, be exhaled.
1. Lit.: per fauces montis ut Aetnae Exspirent ignes, Lucr. 6, 640: ignis foras (with exire in auras), id. 6, 886: vis fera ventorum, Ov. M. 15, 300: halitus Averni, Val. Fl. 4, 493: unguenta, evaporate, Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 20: vis, Lucil. ap. Non. 38, 30.—*
2. Trop.: irae pectoris exspirantes, Cat. 64, 194.—
B. To breathe one's last, to expire.
I. Lit.: ut per singulos artus exspiraret, Sall. H. 1, 30 Dietsch.: atram tundit humum exspirans, Verg. A. 10, 731: ubi perire jussus exspiravero, Hor. Epod. 5, 91: inter primam curationem exspiravit, Liv. 2, 20, 9: inter verbera et vincula, id. 28, 19, 12: extremus exspirantis hiatus, Quint. 6, 2, 31; 9, 2, 73; Sen. Ep. 99, 27; Curt. 3, 5, 4; Suet. Tib. 21; id. Claud. 23; Val. Max. 4, 5, 6; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 122.— Pass. impers.: quoniam membranā cerebri incisā statim exspiretur, Plin. 11, 37, 67, § 178: exspiravit aper dentibus apri, Juv. 15, 162.—
2. Trop., to expire, perish, come to an end, cease: si ego morerer, mecum exspiratura res publica erat, Liv. 28, 28, 11: libertate jam exspirante, Plin. Pan. 57, 4: ne res publica exspiraret, Val. Max. 3, 2, 18: criminis causa exspirat, becomes extinct, ceases, Dig. 48, 17, 1 fin.; 24, 3, 19: prior obligatio, ib. 45, 1, 58.

Origins

  1. Proto-Indo-European*h₁éǵʰ
  2. Proto-Indo-European*h₁éǵʰs
  3. Proto-Italic*eks
  4. Latinexspīrō

Latin ex- Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys-der.? Latin spīrō Latin exspīrō From ex- + spīrō.

Elsewhere
  • Catalanexpirar
  • Frenchexpirer
  • Englishexpirefrom French expirer
  • Italianespirare
  • Occitanexpirar
  • Portugueseexpirar
  • Romanianexpira
  • Spanishexpirar
Italo-Romance
  • Italianspirare
Ibero-Romance
  • Portugueseespirrar
  • Galicianesbilrar
  • Galicianesbirrar
  • Galicianespirrar
  • Galicianespurrar

Quick answers

What does exspīrō mean in Latin?
exspīrō, a verb, means “to exhale (breathe out); to expire; to die”.
What are the principal parts of exspīrō?
exspīrō, exspīrāre, exspīrāvī, exspīrātum (first conjugation).
How do you pronounce exspīrō?
In classical Latin, [ɛks(ː)piː.roː]; in ecclesiastical (church) Latin, [eksˈspiː.ro].
Where does exspīrō come from?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ → Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs → Proto-Italic *eks → Latin exspīrō.