“without” in Latin

preposition,

Denoting want or absence, sine. (☞ Avoid absque in prose; it is found only in the comedians, and in writers after the best age; the few passages of Cic. from which it has been cited are doubtful; nor was it used as exactly equivalent to sine until the later period of the language. ☞ Avoid, also, citra; Vid: Zumpt, §306; Ramsh., § 150, 3). Without hope, sine spe: without delay, sine mora: without doubt, sine dubio: without distinction, sine discrimine: without any, etc., sine ullo, etc. (☞ Avoid omnis in this connection; e.g., do not say sine omni dubitatione for sine ulla dubitatione.) “Without” may often be expressed by the use of nullus; e.g., nullo labore; nulla molestia; nullo delectu; nulla elegantia; nullo ordine: also by various (negative) adjectives, adverbs, and verbs; e.g., imprudens, imprudenter; incautus, incaute; impudens, impudenter, etc.: without intermission, continenter (Caes..): without learning or refinement, expers eruditionis, humanitatis: without care, vacans ab omni molestia; vacans curis. To be without feeling, sensu carere: without friends, help, inops ab amicis; inops auxilii.

Denoting exclusion, sine; praeter (except; Vid: also, EXCEPT): I know that without your telling me, hoc, a te non monitus, non edoctus, scio: he does nothing without his friend, nihil agit, molitur, priusquam amicum consulerit.

On the outside of, extra.

Without, before the participial substantive: (1) by non with, a participle, or a negative adjective with prefix in-; e.g., fecit aliquid non rogatus (without being asked): imprudens (without knowing it). If the sentence is negative, nisi must be used; e.g., Caes., exercitum numquam per insidiosa loca duxit nisi speculatus locorum situs (without having the ground previously examined by scouts): (2) by participle ablative absolute, with non, nullus, nemo: he went away, epistolā non lectā (without reading the letter): nullā praestitutā die (without fixing any day): (3) by neque and a verb: many persons praise poets without understanding them, multi poetas laudant, neque in telligunt: (4) by ut, with subjunctive: numquam laudavit, ut non adjiceret, etc. (without adding): in an affirmative sentence, ita must be inserted; I enjoy anything withoutperceiving, etc., aliqua re ita potior, ut non animadvertam, etc.: (5) quin with subjunctive (after negative sentence): numquam adspexit, quin fratricidam compellaret: (6) “I do anything (indeed), but not without...” is aliquid ita facio, ut, etc.; e.g., aliqua re ita potior, ut animadvertam (I enjoy anything, but not without perceiving, etc.).

Denoting want or absence: by quin; e.g., nullum praetermisi diem quin ad te litteras darem (Cic.); numquam illos aspicio quin hujus meritum in me recordor (Cic.): or by a participle with non; e.g., quod verum est, dicam, non reverens assentandi suspicionem (Cic.); nihil feci non diu consideratum (Cic.): or by an ablative absolute with a negative; e.g., verborum sonitus, nulla subjects, sententia (Cic.); nihil potest evenire nisi causa antecedente: or by nec (Auctor ad Hor., 4, 2, 39; Cic., Div., 2, 17, 40); ut non (Cic., Fin., 2, 22, 71); or qui non (Cic., Manil., 11, 31).

Denoting exception; by praeter.

Or the outside, extra. From without, foris (opposed to domi); extrinsecus (from the outside inward; opposed to intrinsecus).

Not within, outside, extra; exterius (on the outer side); foras; foris (out of doors): from without, extrinsecus. To pitch within and without, (vasa) intrinsecus et exterius picare (Col., 12, 43, 7): ideas come into our minds from without, irrumpunt extrinsecus in animos nostros imagines (Cic., Acad., 2, 40, 125). “From without” with substantives may be expressed by the adjective, externus; e.g., aid from without, auxilia externa (opposed to domesticae opes, Caes., B.C., 2, 4).