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“subaltern” in Latin

The English word subaltern itself goes back to Latin alter, through subalternus.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

subaltern
alius imperio, or alieno imperio, subjectus, obediens; also, inferioris loci, gradus, ordinis. A subaltern post, munus inferioris, minoris dignitatis. A subaltern officer, decanus (one who had the command of ten men); or perhaps sucenturio.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for subaltern?
The usual Latin words for “subaltern” are subiciō, gradus, ōrdō; also post, decānus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.