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“precaution” in Latin

The English word precaution itself goes back to Latin caveō, through praecautio.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

precaution
cautio: provisio animi (Cic., Or., 56). That uses precaution, providus, cautus: that does not use precaution, inconsultus: to use precaution, cautionem adhibere alicui rei or in re; caute versari in re; caute tractare aliquid: without precaution, inconsulte.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for precaution?
The usual Latin words for “precaution” are cautiō, prōvidus, caveō; also incōnsultus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.