LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“poll” in Latin

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

poll s.
Head, caput. Poll-tax, tributum in singula capita impositum (Caes., B.C., 3, 32; by Cic., Att., 5, 16, 2, called ἐπικεφάλιον): exactio capitum (Cic., ad Div., 3, 8, 5). To impose a general poll-tax, in singula capita servorum et liberorum tributum imponere.
Vote, suffragium. To send to the poll, (populum) in suffragium mittere: to go to the poll (of a candidate), se committere suffragiis populi.
poll v.
To lop tops of trees, (arbores) decacuminare: amputare (e.g., cacumen ulmi; Plin.).
To clip the hair, pilos recidere, tondere.
To vote, in suffragium ire; suffragium inire (of the whole number of voters): sententiam ferre (of the whole number, or of an individual): suffragium ferre (of an individual, to vote).
To obtain votes, suffragia or puncta ferre: to poll the largest number of votes, suffragiis superare; suffragia or puncta plurima ferre.
To plunder, Vid.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for poll?
The usual Latin words for “poll” are caput, suffrāgium, amputō; also tondeō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.