LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“pill” in Latin

The English word pill itself goes back to Latin pilus, through pilō.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

pill
catapotium (καταπότιον, as that which is gulped down); pure Latin pilula (medicata, Plin.); globulus (Scribonius, Larg.): to take a pill, pilulam sumere: figuratively, to give one a pill, pungere, tangere aliquem: to swallow a pill, patienter tolerare, devorare acerbitatem, molestiam: he has swallowed that pill, haec concoxit (after Cic.).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for pill?
The usual Latin words for “pill” are pilula, globulus, Scrībōnius; also pungō, molestia. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.