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“mental” in Latin

The English word mental itself goes back to Latin mēns, through mentālis.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

mental
mostly by genitive, mentis, animi or ingenii: mental delights, animi voluptates, or delectationes: sometimes Tac. (silent): to be condemned by a mental censure, tacita existimatione reprehendi: mental power, ingenium (talents, genius): sollertia (mental dexterity, practical genius): docilitas (power of learning, of improving): ingenii facultas (talent for a particular pursuit: ☞ not talents, collectively, which is ingenium): facultas with genitive (power to do anything; e.g., to speak, dicendi): mental powers, ingenium, facultates (Cic., De Invent., 1, 27, extr.): animi vis, virtus: hominis sollertia: to cultivate one’s mental power, animum mentemque excolere. To be a person of considerable mental power, ingeniosum esse, ingenio abundare.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for mental?
The usual Latin words for “mental” are mēns, animus, ingenium; also dēlectātiō, sollers, docilitās. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.