“man” in Latin

A human being, homo (general term): mortalis (a mortal, man with the idea of imperfection; regularly used in prose, especially in Sall., Tac., and Livy, rarely in Cic., only in connection with multi, omnes, cuncti, or the like): quisquam mortalis (any child ofrom; ☞ Herzog, Sall., Cat., 2, 8): men, homines; genus humanum, hominum universum genus (the whole race): a young man, homo adolescens: quite a young man, (homo) adolescentulus: what man is this? quid hoc hominis? who is the man? quis hic (or iste) est homo?: to live among men, inter homines esse. “Man” is often not expressed in Latin, especially with adjectives, and when as an indefinite subject, it is implied in the verb; e.g., many men, multi: there are men, who, etc., sunt, qui, etc.: no man, nemo, nullus (no one: ☞ “of no man,” “by, etc., no man,” are nullius, nullo, never neminis, nemine): he is no man (i. e., without human feeling), homo non est; omnis humanitatis expers est: to esteem one as a man and a statesman, aliquem tanti facere, quantum ipsius humanitas ac dignitas postulat: to become a new man, novum ingenium sibi induere: to have become quite another man, plane alium factum esse: Son of Man (a title assumed by our blessed Lord), *mortali matre natus.

A person of the male sex, homo (in respect of the weaknesses or excellences peculiar to the male sex, both intellectual and moral): vir (a grown-up person of the male sex; opposed to mulier; but especially in respect of good masculine qualities; e.g., strength, courage, perseverance, etc.): miles (a warrior, soldier): a young man, adolescens; juvenis (older than adolescens). In this sense, also, the word is often omitted in Latin; e.g., fortune favors the brave man, fortem fortuna adjuvat: or it is denoted by another turn; e.g., to find anybody an honorable man in anything, fidem alicujus in aliqua re perspicere: common men, vulgus (the multitude): man by man, viritim (to each man; e.g., tribuere or dare, legere): universi, ad unum omnes (all together, all to a man, for which Gell., 3, 7, is the first to say omnes cum uno): to march three men deep, triplici ordine incedere (☞ Curt., 3, 9, 12): they marched thirty men deep, triginta armatorum ordines ibant (ibid.): an army of ten thousand men, exercitus decern millium.

(a) (a) With the notion of strength, vir: show yourself a man, virum te praesta: I consider you a man, virum te judico: I entreat you to consider that you are a man, te hortor rogoque, ut te hominem et virum esse memineris. (b) In respect of age; opposed to children and youths, vir; juvenis (younger than vir).

To man ships, naves armatis ornare (to furnish with soldiers): naves militibus or sociis navalibus complere: to be fully manned, suum numerum habere (of ships).