cūnctus
Meaning
- adjectivecollectively; all together; the whole, entire
cūnctīs nam lēctī nāvibus ībant
for chosen men from all the ships went forth29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.518
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
omnis, tōtusChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Quisque · Quivis · Quilibet · Unusquisque · Omnes · Universi · Cuncti · Totus
1. Quisque, quivis, and quilibet, denote a totality, which is cut up into several individualities; whereas omnes, universi, and cuncti, denote a combined totality. 2. Quisque means each individual; quivis, any individual you choose, without exception, and with emphasis; quilibet, any individual whatever, without selection, and with indifference, like ὁστισοῦν, synonymously with primus quisque, ὁ τυχών. Propert. ii. 6, 26. Templa pudicitiæ quid opus statuisse puellis, si cuivis nuptæ cuilibet esse licet? apud Lachmann. Cic. Fam. viii. 10. Quidvis quamlibet tenue munusculum. 3. Quisque is an enclitic, that is, throws back the accent on the preceding word, and in prose never stands at the beginning of a sentence, like ἕκαστος; whereas unusquisque is accented and emphatic, like εἷς ἕκαστος. 4. Unusquisque denotes each individual, in opp. to some individuals; whereas singuli, individuals, in opp. to the undivided totality, like ἕκαστοι. 5. Omnes (ἅπαντες) denotes all without exception, merely as a totality, in opp. to nemo, unus, aliquot. Cic. Sext. 12, 27. Off. iii. 6, like πάντες; whereas universi, all taken collectively, in opp. to singuli and unusquisque. Cic. N. D. ii. 17. 65, 66. Off. iii. 6, like σύμπαντες; lastly, cuncti (ξυνεκτοί) all in their combined reality, in opp. to dispersi, like ἅπαντες. Liv. vii. 35. Admonitione paventibus cunctis quum omnium in se vertisset oculos Decius. Nep. Dat. 5. Qui illum unum pluris quam se omnes fieri videbant. Quo facto cuncti ad eum opprimendum consenserunt. 6. Totus, solidus, and integer denote that which is originally a whole, but which is liable to fall to pieces by accident, like ὅλος; whereas omnis, universus, and cunctus, denote original individualities, which form a whole by their association, like πᾶς, σύμπας, ἅπας. (iv. 352.)
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | cūnctus | cūncta | cūnctum |
| genitive | cūnctī | cūnctae | cūnctī |
| dative | cūnctō | cūnctae | cūnctō |
| accusative | cūnctum | cūnctam | cūnctum |
| ablative | cūnctō | cūnctā | cūnctō |
| vocative | cūncte | cūncta | cūnctum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | cūnctī | cūnctae | cūncta |
| genitive | cūnctōrum | cūnctārum | cūnctōrum |
| dative | cūnctīs | cūnctīs | cūnctīs |
| accusative | cūnctōs | cūnctās | cūncta |
| ablative | cūnctīs | cūnctīs | cūnctīs |
| vocative | cūnctī | cūnctae | cūncta |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- omnes centurias ferre or omnium suffragiis, cunctis centuriis creari
- to be elected unanimously
senatus, Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3: senatus populusque, Liv. 9, 6, 7: terrarum orbis, Verg. A. 1, 233: pelagi fragor, id. ib. 1, 154: in ordinem, Cic. Leg. 3, 14, 32: a populo, id. Fam. 3, 11, 2.—Aegyptus, Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41: Gallia, Caes. B. G. 7, 10: civitas, Sall. J. 69, 3; Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 21: plebes, Sall. C. 37, 1: terra, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99: provincia, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 5: gens, Verg. G. 3, 473: gratia, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 46: ad cunctam militarem disciplinam, Liv. 44, 1, 5: vis, Sall. H. 3, 61, 5 Dietsch: a Graeciā, Nep. Them. 9, 4.—deduntque se ... In dicionem ... cuncti Thebano poplo, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 103: quin cuncti vivi caperentur, Caes. B. G. 7, 11 fin.: cuncti aut magna pars Siccensium, Sall. J. 56, 5: prope cunctis civibus lucem ingenii sui porrigens, Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184: cunctarum exordia rerum, Lucr. 2, 333; 4, 115: cuncta maria terraeque patebant, Sall. C. 10, 1: moenia, id. J. 57, 2: inconsulto cuncta simul agebant, id. C. 42, 2; cf. agitare, id. J. 66, 1: Mario procedere, id. ib. 65, 5: deorum nutu portendi, id. ib. 92, 2: putas unā virtute minora, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 11 et saep.—Kühner, Gram. II. p. 314): hominum cunctos ingenti corpore praestans, Ov. M. 4, 631: Baetica cunctas provinciarum diviti cultu praecedit, Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7: postquam cuncta scelerum suorum pro egregiis accipi vidit, Tac. A. 14, 60 Nipperd. ad loc.—viaï cuncta, Lucr. 5, 739; so, terrarum, Hor. C. 2, 1, 23: camporum, Tac. H. 5, 10: curarum, id. A. 3, 35.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
Uncertain. Proposals include: * From concitus by syncope per Pokorny (1959), accepted by De Vaan (2008) with some reservations. Ernout and Meillet (1985) reject this etymology, and also reject the ancient etymology from co(n)iūnctus. * According to Sihler (1995), from Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷ-u- (“whole, entire”), which he reconstructs as the ancestor also of Hittite 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑 (/pa-an-ku-uš/, “whole, entire; senate”) and Hittite [script needed] (pa-an-kur, “family, relations”), as well as the middle part of Ancient Greek ᾰ̔́πᾰξ (hắpăx, “singly”). The Latin form would then show the same /p – kʷ > kʷ – kʷ/ assimilation as in quīnque. De Vaan rejects this etymology, saying that the Hittite term cannot be cognate with Latin cūnctus due to the genitive singular form 𒉺𒀭𒅗𒉿𒀸 (/pa-an-ka-wa-aš/), and that it is more likely related to Sanskrit ब॒हु (bahú). * From Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷ-to- (“whole, entire”), from *pénkʷe (“whole hand; five (fingers)”). In this case cognate to Sanskrit पञ्च॑ (páñca, “spread out”), Sanskrit प्रपञ्चन (prapañcana, “copiousness”). * Ancient etymologists explained it as a contraction of *cōiūnctus, making it a doublet of coniūnctus (“conjoined, connected”); this is today rejected.