LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“exchequer” in Latin

The English word exchequer itself goes back to Latin scaccus, through scaccarium.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

exchequer
aerarium: fiscus (privy-purse): gaza (of the Persians, etc.). A well-filled exchequer, copiae aerarii (Cic.): an exchequer bill, *syngrapha pecuniae ex aerario dandae or persolvendae.
Chancellor of the Exchequer, procurator principis or Caesaris (in Rome, the officer who superintended the income and disbursements of the fiscus, or treasury, under the emperors; Vid: Tac., Ann., 12, 60, init.; Plin., Paneg., 36, 3): *aerarii curator.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for exchequer?
The usual Latin words for “exchequer” are aerārius, fiscus, gaza; also persolvō, Caesar, ineō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.