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“deviation” in Latin

The English word deviation itself goes back to Latin dēviō, through deviatio.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

deviation
declinatio (also figuratively, declinatio a proposito, Cic., De Or., 3, 53, extr.): deflexio (Macrobius): deflexus (Valerius Max.): abitus; discessus; decessio: decessus (departure): cf., aberratio is used by Cic., in the sense of “an escape from” (pain, trouble, etc.).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for deviation?
The usual Latin words for “deviation” are dēclīnātiō, dēflexiō, dēflectō; also abitus, discēdō, dēcessiō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.