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“deduction” in Latin

The English word deduction itself goes back to Latin dūcō, through deductio.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

deduction
Abatement, deductio: without any deduction., sine ulla deductione: to make a deduction, deductionem, decessionem de pecunia facere: to pay without deduction, solidum solvere.
Syllogistic inference, conclusio: is not this a right deduction? satisne hoc conclusum videtur

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for deduction?
The usual Latin words for “deduction” are dēductiō, conclūsiō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.