“course” in Latin

PROPR. cursus (general term: also in the plur., if several things are spoken of; e.g., to observe the course of the stars, stellarum cursus notare): curriculum (within a definite space; e.g., in the circus and of the regular motion of the heavenly bodies): decursus (a running through a space; hence the course in the circus): lapsus (the quiet and equable motion, e.g., of water, the stars): conversiones (the circular motions, revolutions, etc., e.g., of the stars, stellarum; also stellarum progressiones, their apparently forward course in the heavens): motus (general term for motion, e.g., of the stars): meatus is poetical. The regular courses of the stars, astrorum ordines. With rapid course, contento cursu: to direct one’s course to any place, cursum dirigere aliquo (in a carriage or ship): cursum flectere ad aliquid (e.g., to the north, ad septentriones, also of the heavenly bodies): to direct one’s course to another place, or to take a different course, alium cursum petere (in a carriage or vessel): flectere iter (of a traveller, army, etc.); in alium cursum contorqueri et deflecti (e.g., of a river): to pursue different courses, diversos abire or discedere: to have a fixed course, certos et constantes cursus habere; constanter tenere eundem cursum: to take different courses (e.g., of rivers), in diversas partes (in contrarias partes, opposite directions) fluere: to change the course of a river, flumen avertere (i. e., to turn it): amnem in alium cursum deflectere: to have a gentle course (of rivers or water in general), labi; a rapid one, ferri (Vid: Hirt., B.G., 8, 40): to take its course from etc., effluere ex, etc.; profluere ex, etc.: to take its course towards or to; e.g., to the sea, effundi in aliquid: to take its course through anything; e.g., through a town, fluere per aliquid; medium per locum fluere; medium locum interfluere; medio loco fluere (if right through; Vid: Liv., 24, 3): to take its course along the very foot of the mountain, in imis radicibus montis ferri (Hirt., B.G., 8, 40): ImPROP.

Progress, iter: via: cursus: (The words are found in this connection and order), iter et cursus (e.g., naturali quodam itinere et cursu, Cic., Rep., 2, 16): tenor (the regular progress of anything): progressus (e.g., rerum, Cic.). The course of events, rerum cursus or progressus; rerum itinera flexusque (all Cic.). [Vid: PROGRESS.] To let anybody take his own course, to leave anybody a free course, aliquem non coercere, non impedire: to let anything take its course, aliquid non morari; alicui rei non obsistere; aliquid non impedire: to have its free course, non coerceri; non impediri: to interrupt the course of the conversation, cursum orationis interpellere. In the course of conversation, in sermone: to throw out in the course of conversation, that, etc., in sermone injicere, with accusative and infinitive (e.g., cum mihi in sermone injecisset, se velle. Asiam visere, Cic.). In the course of the discussion or debate, inter disceptandum (e.g., cognita inter disceptandum iniquitate, sc. causae, Quint., 12, 3, 10): to observe the course which public affairs are taking, itinera flexusque rerum publicarum videre (Cic., Rep., 2, 25): that is the natural course of almost all things, id natura fert in omnibus fere rebus: according to the natural course of things or events, ut fieri solet: the course of a conversation, iter sermonis (Cic., De Legg., 1, 13, 37): the course of an oration or speech, orationis ingressus, ingressio, cursus (all three with reference to the manner of its progress, its force, spirit, etc., Vid: Cic., Or., 59, 201; interdum cursus est in oratione incitatior, interdum moderata ingressio; ☞ De Or., 1, 35, 161; 2, 10, 39): anything takes a different course, *res aliter procedit.

Manner of proceeding, ratio: consilium: remedium (a corrective or preventive measure): to adopt a course, rationem inire; consilium capere: to shape one’s course according to the times, consilium pro tempore et pro re capere (act according to circumstances); temporibus servire (adapt myself to circumstances, etc., in a servile manner): to adopt a prudent course, bonis consiliis uti. I am inquiring what course I should take in this state of my affairs, rogo, quid faciam de rebus meis: to pursue a course of one’s own, suum quoddam institutum consequi: to pursue a different course, diversam inire rationem: what course is to be taken with this person? quid hoc nomine facias? quid tu huic homini facias? (both Cic.). I am adopting the same course in my proceedings, haec eadem est nostrae rationis regio et via (Cic., Verr., 5, 70, 81).

Course = space of time. A course of years, multi anni (if the reference is only to the whole space); annorum series (their succession, one after another, Hor., Od., 3, 30, 5): inter multos, tot, etc., annos (= within so many years; e.g., all the crimes that have been committed in the course of ten years, omnia quae inter decem annos - nefarie flagitioseque facta sunt, Cic.). ☞ The ablative of anni is less rare in this sense than is commonly supposed. The cities of Africa had seen no Roman army in the course of almost fifty years, urbes Africae annis prope quinquaginta nullum Romanum exercitum viderant (Liv. 29, 28): he died in the course of a few days, paucis diebus moritur (Sall., Jug., 11, 1), intra paucos dies moritur (Liv.). In the course of that year, in illo anno (Cic., Off., 3, 25, 95; and Hand., 3, p. 281): in the course of the present year, in hoc anno (Cic., Fam., 15, 16, 5): the sun turns twice in the course of a year, sol binas in singulis annis conversiones - facit: three times in the course of a year, ter in anno: in the course of ten months, in decemn mensibus: in the course of a short time, in brevi temporis spatio (Suet.); in paucis tempestatibus (e.g., sollertissimus omnium factus est, Sall., Jug., 96, 1); in brevi (Ruhnken, ad Vell., 2, 61, 2). In the course of the month, year, etc., is also anno or mense vertente.

The order of succession in anything [Vid: ORDER].

Naval term (denoting the direction in which a ship is steering). cursus: the ships could not keep their course, naves cursum suum tenere non potuerunt: to steer or keep the same course, cursum tenere: to get out of its course, a via aberrare.

A number of lectures (collectively), *institutionis cursus, quem dicimus. To embrace too many subjects in one course, uno (e.g., semestri) cursu nimis multa complecti: to attend a course of lectures, magistros auditionesque obire: to attend the same course of lectures, easdem auditiones eosdemque doctores colere: to give or deliver a course of lectures on anything, scholam habere de re; e.g., on the Stoic philosophy, scholam habere Stoicam; on rhetorics, scholis praecipere artem oratoriam.

Of dishes, ferculum (that is served on the board at one and the same time, for which, much later, missus was used): to give a dinner of seven courses, cenam septem ferculis praebere (☞ Suet., Oct., 74): his dinners were of three, or, at the most, six courses, cenam ternis ferculis, aut, cum abundantissime, senis praebebat.

Race, figuratively, the course of life, vitae curriculum, spatium (but only with reference to its duration, space, etc. :; hence, with longum, exiguum. ☞ It must not be used to denote one’s manner of living, etc.). To run one’s course, vitae spatium decurrere; aetatem decurrere: now that my course is almost run or finished, prope acta jam aetate decursaque: to finish one’s course, cursum conficere (well, bene, Cic.); corpore solutum ad proprias sedes evolare; illuc ex his vinculis ferri (Vid: To DIE). The whole course of life (= the manner of its progress from beginning to end), totius vitae cursus [ ☞ not totus vitae cursus, Cic., Off., 1, 4, 11, Krebs]. In the whole course of his life, in vita (e.g., nihil in vita vidit calamitatis, Cic., Cluent., 6, 18): in omni vita (p. Redit. ad Quir., 8), omni vita (Liv. 2, 33): in tota vita (e.g., inconstans, Cic., where it = manner of living).

Course = manner of life, vita: mores: the whole course of his life establishes his innocence, alicujus innocentia perpetua vita est perspecta: a virtuous course of life, viia honesta, sancta; vita honeste or sancte acta: a sinful course, vita omnibus flagitiis or libidinibus dedita.

A course of medicine, curatio. To be under a course of medicine, curationem recipere: to prescribe a course of medicine, curationem valetudinis praescribere.

Row (of bricks), ordo (e.g., lapidum). [Vid: LAYER.]

Race-course, (a) PROP., curriculum (general term): stadium (in the Olympic games): circus (public place for the exhibition of races, etc.): hippodromos (ἱππόδρομος; for horses and chariots, Plaut., etc.).

Of course, or as a matter of course, necessario (necessarily); manifesto (plainly); plane (entirely so): of course his wife could not be indifferent to all this, non mirum fecit uxor, si hoc aegre tulit; or si hoc aegre tulit uxor, quid mirum? (Vid: Ter., Hec., 4, 4, 87; Ov., A.A., 3, 110).

Words of course, verba: those are mere words of course, verba sunt (Terentianus): a letter filled with mere words of course, inanis sermolitterarum.

ADDITIONAL PHRASES. To let the law lake its course, jure agere; summo jure experiri. *non impedire, quominus aliquis ad mortem ducatur or supplicio capitis afficiatur, etc. (not to stop an execution). The law must take its course, supplicio capitis puniendus or afficiendus est aliquis; morte multandus est aliquis.

Chase, pursue, Vid:

Hunt with greyhounds, *canibus vertagis lepores sectari. Wyttenbach says of Ruknken (p. 271, Ed. Bat.), unice eo genere [venationis] utebatur, quod longis canibus earumque velocitate capiendo lepore continetur.