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“cognition” in Latin

The English word cognition itself goes back to Latin nōscō, through cognitiō.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

cognition
cognitio: scientia. with or without rerum; also cognitiones (but never scientiae) rerum. (The words are found in this connection and order). cognitio et scientia: cognition of anything, scientia or cognitio or prudentia alicujus rei notitia alicujus rei: intelligentia alicujus rei. (The words are found in this connection and order). cognitio et intelligentia: notio alicujus rei (the notion one has of anything; e.g., notitia or notio Dei): prudentia alicujus rei (the clear insight into a thing): expleta rerum comprehensio (certain cognition): memoria prateritorium (cognition of past events or things): to have a cognition of anything, notitiam alicujus rei habere or tenere; alicujus rei scientiam or prudentiam habere; intelligere aliquid.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for cognition?
The usual Latin words for “cognition” are cognitiō, sciō, rēs. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.