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“clause” in Latin

The English word clause itself goes back to Latin claudō, through clausa.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

clause
member of a sentence, comma (technical term, but written in Greek characters by Cic. and Quint.), or pure Latin, incisum: incisio (both Cic.: smaller portion): membrum (larger portion): clausula (in jurists, a clause, chapter, etc., in edicts, laws, etc): caput (head, chapter): comprehensio (period): enuntiatio, enuntiatum (sentence). To add a clause to a law that, etc., ad legem adjicere, ut, etc.
Limitation, exceptio.
Condition. conditio.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for clause?
The usual Latin words for “clause” are comma, incidō, incīsiō; also membrum, clausula, caput. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.