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“castaway” in Latin

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

castaway
damnatus (condemned; hence, also, reprobate, vile: quis te miserior? quis te damnatior? *Cic., Pis. 40, extr.): profligatus: perditus (abandoned). (The words are found in this connection and order), prodigatus et perditus: sceleratus.
Shipwrecked, Vid.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for castaway?
The usual Latin words for “castaway” are damnō, prōflīgō, perdō; also scelerō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.