verbthird conjugation, no passive
crēscō
crēscō (present infinitive crēscere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum)
Classical[ˈkreːs.koː]Ecclesiastical[ˈkrɛs.ko]
№ 609 of the 1,000 commonest wordsMille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to rise, grow, grow up; prosper, thrive; increase, multiply, augment
‘tū sata sīderibus caelī nūtrīta secundīs crēscere, dum fīant falcibus apta, sinās.’ “May you allow the crops – having been nourished by the stars of favorable heaven – to thrive, until they become ready for the sickles.” (A prayer spoken by the Flamen Quirinalis during the Robigalia to propitiate the deity Robigo or Robigus and prevent agricultural diseases.)
8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 4.913–914 - to come to be
- to become visible, spring from, arise, come forth
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
maior fīō; puer crēscit, arbor crēscit.crēscō -ere crēvī — in Mille Verba, ch. Vīta et Mors
maior fīōcrēscō -ere — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 2 and Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 4, 14
to grow
crēscō -ere — in Viri Romae Facillimi, ch. 4, 8, 21
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | crēscō | crēscēbam | crēscam | crēvī | crēveram | crēverō |
| 2nd sg. | crēscis | crēscēbās | crēscēs | crēvistī | crēverās | crēveris |
| 3rd sg. | crēscit | crēscēbat | crēscet | crēvit | crēverat | crēverit |
| 1st pl. | crēscimus | crēscēbāmus | crēscēmus | crēvimus | crēverāmus | crēverimus |
| 2nd pl. | crēscitis | crēscēbātis | crēscētis | crēvistis | crēverātis | crēveritis |
| 3rd pl. | crēscunt | crēscēbant | crēscent | crēvērunt crēvēre | crēverant | crēverint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | crēscam | crēscerem | crēverim | crēvissem |
| 2nd sg. | crēscās | crēscerēs | crēverīs | crēvissēs |
| 3rd sg. | crēscat | crēsceret | crēverit | crēvisset |
| 1st pl. | crēscāmus | crēscerēmus | crēverīmus | crēvissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | crēscātis | crēscerētis | crēverītis | crēvissētis |
| 3rd pl. | crēscant | crēscerent | crēverint | crēvissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | crēsce | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | crēscite | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | crēscitō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | crēscitō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | crēscitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | crēscuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | crēscere | — |
| perfect infinitive | crēvisse | — |
| future infinitive | crētūrum esse | — |
| present participle | crēscēns crēscente, crēscentem, crēscentēs, crēscentī, crēscentia, crēscentibus, crēscentis, crēscentīs, crēscentium | — |
| future participle | crētūrus crētūra, crētūrā, crētūrae, crētūram, crētūrārum, crētūrās, crētūre, crētūrī, crētūrīs, crētūrō, crētūrōrum, crētūrōs, crētūrum | — |
gerundcrēscendī, crēscendō, crēscendumsupinecrētum, crētū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- crescere ex aliquo
- to raise oneself by another's fall.
- materia mihi crescit
- my subject grows as I write.
- annona ingravescit, crescit
- the price of corn is going up.
- crescere ex invidia senatoria
- to profit by the unpopularity of the senate to gain influence oneself.
- animus alicui accedit, crescit
- to take courage.
- luna crescit; decrescit, senescit
- the moon waxes, wanes.
cresco, crēvi, crētum, 3 (
I. inf. perf. sync. cresse, Lucr. 3, 683), v. inch. n. [1. creo].
I. Orig., of things not previously in existence, to come forth, grow, to arise, spring, be born, become visible, appear (so mostly poet.)
A. Lit.:
cetera, quae sursum crescunt sursumque creantur, Lucr. 6, 527: quaecumque e terrā corpora crescunt (for which, subsequently, exoriuntur), id. 1, 868: corpore de patrio ac materno sanguine crescunt, id. 4, 1210: hic et acanthus Et rosa crescit, Verg. Cul. 397.—So esp. freq. in part. perf.: crētus, a, um, arisen, sprung, descended from, born of; with abl.: mortali corpore cretus, Lucr. 5, 6; 2, 906; cf.: mortali semine, Ov. M. 15, 760: corpore materno, Lucr. 4, 1224: nativo corpore, id. 5, 61: Semiramio sanguine, Ov. M. 5, 85; cf. id. ib. 13, 31: Amyntore, id. ib. 8, 307; cf. Verg. A. 9, 672; Ov. M. 13, 750.—With ab: ab origine eādem, Ov. M. 4, 607; cf.: Trojano a sanguine, Verg. A. 4, 191.—B. Trop.:
haec villa inter manus meas crevit, Sen. Ep. 12, 1: ingens hic terris crescit labor, Sil. 3, 75.—Far more freq., II. Of things already in existence, to rise in height, to rise, grow, grow up, thrive, increase, etc.
A. Lit.:
arbores, Lucr. 1, 254; so, fruges, arbusta, animantes, id. 1, 808: omnia paulatim crescunt (with grandescere alique), id. 1, 190 sq.: ut (ostrea) cum lunā pariter crescant pariterque decrescant, Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33: in lecticis crescunt (infantes), Quint. 1, 2, 7: cresce, puer, Ov. M. 2, 643 et saep.: in cujus domo creverat, had grown up, been reared, Suet. Oth. 1; cf.: Alexander per quinquennium sub Aristotele doctore mclito crevit, Just. 12, 16, 8: Nilus in aestatem crescit campisque redundat, Lucr. 6, 713; cf. of the same, id. 6, 737: Liger ex nivibus creverat, Caes. B. G. 7, 55 fin.: in frondem crines, in ramos bracchia, to grow into, Ov. M. 1, 550; cf.: in ungues manus, id. ib. 2, 479: in immensum Atlas, id. ib. 4, 661: in latitudinem, to increase in breadth, Col. Arb. 17: in longitudinem, Plin. 11, 37, 87, § 216: super ora caputque onus, Ov. M. 12, 516: ut clivo crevisse putes, id. ib. 8, 191 et saep. —2. Transf., to increase in number to, augment, multiply:
non mihi absenti crevisse amicos, Cic. Sest. 32, 69 (B. and K. ex conj. decrevisse): adhuc crescentibus annis, Ov. A. A. 1, 61.—B. Trop.
1. In gen., to grow, increase, to be enlarged or strengthened:
cum Atheniensium opes senescere, contra Lacedaemoniorum crescere videret, Nep. Alcib. 5, 3; so, hostium opes animique, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 45: non animi tantum, sed etiam vires crescebant, Liv. 5, 46, 4: animus laude crescit, Quint. 1, 2, 3; Curt. 4, 6, 13; Just. 19, 1, 8: animus crevit praetori, Liv. 44, 4, 1: cujusvis opes contra illius potentiam, Sall. C. 17, 7: cujusquam regnum per scelus, id. J. 14, 7: potentia paucorum (opp. plebis opes imminutae), id. C. 39, 1; Liv. 4, 2, 2 et saep.: haec (mala) primo paulatim, Sall. C. 10, 6: primo pecuniae, deinde imperii cupido, id. ib. 10, 3: fuga atque formido latius, id. J. 55, 7: licentia, id. C. 51, 30: inopia omnium, Liv. 21, 11, 12: rerum cognitio cottidie, Quint. 12, 11, 17: quā ex re creverat cum famā tum opibus, Nep. Alcib. 7 fin.; cf.: (Saguntini) in tantas brevi creverant opes, Liv. 21, 7, 3: Rhodiorum civitas populi Romani opibus, Sall. C. 51, 5; cf.: qui malo rei publicae, id. ib. 51, 32: usque ego postera Crescam laude recens, Hor. C. 3, 30, 8: a brevibus in longas (iambi), Quint. 9, 4, 136.—2. In partic., to rise or increase in distinction, honor, courage, etc., to be promoted or advanced, to prosper, to become great, attain honor:
accusarem alios potius, ex quibus possem crescere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83: ex invidiā senatoriā, id. Clu. 28, 77: ex his, Liv. 29, 37, 17: ex me, id. 35, 19, 5: de uno isto, de multis, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 173: dignitate, gratiā, Nep. Att. 21, 1; cf. id. ib. 10, 3; and absol.: crescendi in curiā occasio, Liv. 1, 46, 2: cresco et exsulto et discussā senectute recalesco, quotiens, etc., Sen. Ep. 34, 1; cf.: gaudet et ex nostro crescit maerore Charaxus, Ov. H. 15, 117: hic uno modo crescere potest, si se ipse summittat, etc., Plin. Pan. 71, 4.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
crēscō crēvī, crētus, ere, inch.
1 CER-, to come into being, spring up: crescit seges, O.—P. perf., with abl, arisen, descended, born, produced (poet.): mortali semine, O.: Alcanore, V.: ab origine eādem, O.: Troiano a sanguine, V.—To rise, grow, grow up, thrive, increase, swell, enlarge: ut (ostrea) cum lunā pariter crescant: (caulis) crevit in agris, H.: cresce, puer, O.: Liger ex nivibus creverat, was swollen, Cs.: in frondem crines, to grow into, O.: manūs in unguīs, O.: Cresceret in <*>entrem cucumis, swell, V.: Crescit hydrops, H.: <*>t clivo crevisse putes, O.: non mihi crevisse amicos, increased in number: crescentīs abstulit annos, i. e. her prime, O.—Fig., to grow, increase, be enlarged, be strengthened: plagae crescunt, T.: hostium opes animique: vires, L.: vim crescere victis, V.: (rem) maximis auctibus crescere, L.: primo pecuniae, deinde imperi cupido, S.: inopia omnium, L.: crescetis, amores, V.: Crescit amor nummi, Iu.: usque ego posterā Crescam laude recens, H.: Crescit velut arbor Fama Marcelli, H.: crescente vento, Ct.: Aspera crescit hiems, O.— To rise, be promoted, prosper, become great, attain honor: ex quibus possem crescere: laboribus pubes crevit, in glory, H.: de multis, at the expense of: dignitate, gratiā, N.: ex nostro maerore, to take courage, O.: date crescendi copiam (iis) qui, etc., T.: crescendi in curiā occasio, L.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*ḱer-
- Proto-Indo-European*ḱreh₁-sḱéti
- Latincrēscō
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱreh₁-sḱéti, from the root *ḱer- (“to grow, become bigger”), whence also Latin creō, as well as perhaps Proto-Slavic *krěti (“to intensify”).
Insular Romance
- Sardiniancrèschere
- Sardiniancrèscere
- Sardiniancreschi
- Sardiniancrèsciri
Elsewhere
- Italiandiscrescerefrom Vulgar Latin *discrescere
- Frenchdécroîtrefrom Vulgar Latin *discrescere
- Englishdecreasefrom Vulgar Latin *discrescere
- Old Spanishdescrecerfrom Vulgar Latin *discrescere
Balkano-Romance
- Romaniancrește
- Romaniancreștere
- Aromaniancrescu
- Aromaniancreashtiri
- Megleno-Romaniancresc
- Megleno-Romaniancreaștiri
Gallo-Romance
- Catalancréixer
- Occitancréisser
- Franco-Provençalcrêtre
- Old Frenchcroistre
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesecrescerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese crecer
- Spanishcrecerfrom Old Spanish cresçer
- Aragonesecreixer
- Aragonesecrexer
- Asturiancrecer
- Galiciancrecerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese crecer
- Ladinocrecerfrom Old Spanish cresçer
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italiancrescere
- Corsicancrescia
- Dalmatiancrescro
- Dalmatiancrascro
- Dalmatiancraskro
- Istriotcrìssi
- Neapolitancresce
- Siciliancrìsciri
- Venetancréser
- Venetancrésar
Borrowings
- EnglishCresco
- Idokreskarfrom Esperanto kreski
- Interlinguacrescer
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friuliancressi
- Friuliancreši
- Ladincresce
- Ladincrescer
- Ladincrësce
- Ladincrëscer
- Romanshcrescher
Gallo-Italic
- Emiliancràsser
- Liguriancresce
- Piedmontesechërse