verbfirst conjugation
cōnfirmō
cōnfirmō (present infinitive cōnfirmāre, perfect active cōnfirmāvī, supine cōnfirmātum)
Classical[kõːˈfɪr.moː]Ecclesiastical[koɱˈfir.mo]
Meaning
- to make firm, establish, re-establish, strengthen, fortify, mature, confirm
[…] cōnfirmāstī tē ipsum iam esse exitūrum, […].
[…] you confirmed that you yourself were now ready to depart, […] .63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.9Dissipantur cōgitātiōnēs ubi nōn est cōnsilium: ubi vērō plūrēs sunt cōnsiliāriī, cōnfirmantur. Designs are brought to nothing where there is no counsel: but where there are many counsellors, they are established. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Proverbs.15.22 - to encourage, animate, embolden; persuade
- broadlyto demonstrate, corroborate, support, prove or confirm the truth of something; assert, affirm
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cōnfirmō | cōnfirmābam | cōnfirmābō | cōnfirmāvī | cōnfirmāveram cōnfirmāram | cōnfirmāverō cōnfirmārō |
| 2nd sg. | cōnfirmās | cōnfirmābās | cōnfirmābis | cōnfirmāvistī cōnfirmāstī | cōnfirmāverās cōnfirmārās | cōnfirmāveris cōnfirmāris |
| 3rd sg. | cōnfirmat | cōnfirmābat | cōnfirmābit | cōnfirmāvit cōnfirmāt | cōnfirmāverat cōnfirmārat | cōnfirmāverit cōnfirmārit |
| 1st pl. | cōnfirmāmus | cōnfirmābāmus | cōnfirmābimus | cōnfirmāvimus cōnfirmāmus | cōnfirmāverāmus cōnfirmārāmus | cōnfirmāverimus cōnfirmārimus |
| 2nd pl. | cōnfirmātis | cōnfirmābātis | cōnfirmābitis | cōnfirmāvistis cōnfirmāstis | cōnfirmāverātis cōnfirmārātis | cōnfirmāveritis cōnfirmāritis |
| 3rd pl. | cōnfirmant | cōnfirmābant | cōnfirmābunt | cōnfirmāvērunt cōnfirmārunt, cōnfirmāvēre | cōnfirmāverant cōnfirmārant | cōnfirmāverint cōnfirmārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cōnfirmem | cōnfirmārem | cōnfirmāverim cōnfirmārim | cōnfirmāvissem cōnfirmāssem |
| 2nd sg. | cōnfirmēs | cōnfirmārēs | cōnfirmāverīs cōnfirmārīs | cōnfirmāvissēs cōnfirmāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | cōnfirmet | cōnfirmāret | cōnfirmāverit cōnfirmārit | cōnfirmāvisset cōnfirmāsset |
| 1st pl. | cōnfirmēmus | cōnfirmārēmus | cōnfirmāverīmus cōnfirmārīmus | cōnfirmāvissēmus cōnfirmāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | cōnfirmētis | cōnfirmārētis | cōnfirmāverītis cōnfirmārītis | cōnfirmāvissētis cōnfirmāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | cōnfirment | cōnfirmārent | cōnfirmāverint cōnfirmārint | cōnfirmāvissent cōnfirmāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cōnfirmor | cōnfirmābar | cōnfirmābor |
| 2nd sg. | cōnfirmāris cōnfirmāre | cōnfirmābāris cōnfirmābāre | cōnfirmāberis cōnfirmābere |
| 3rd sg. | cōnfirmātur | cōnfirmābātur | cōnfirmābitur |
| 1st pl. | cōnfirmāmur | cōnfirmābāmur | cōnfirmābimur |
| 2nd pl. | cōnfirmāminī | cōnfirmābāminī | cōnfirmābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | cōnfirmantur | cōnfirmābantur | cōnfirmābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cōnfirmer | cōnfirmārer |
| 2nd sg. | cōnfirmēris cōnfirmēre | cōnfirmārēris cōnfirmārēre |
| 3rd sg. | cōnfirmētur | cōnfirmārētur |
| 1st pl. | cōnfirmēmur | cōnfirmārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cōnfirmēminī | cōnfirmārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | cōnfirmentur | cōnfirmārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | cōnfirmā | cōnfirmāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | cōnfirmāte | cōnfirmāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | cōnfirmātō | cōnfirmātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | cōnfirmātō | cōnfirmātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | cōnfirmātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | cōnfirmantō | cōnfirmantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | cōnfirmāre | cōnfirmārī |
| perfect infinitive | cōnfirmāvisse cōnfirmāsse | cōnfirmātum esse |
| future infinitive | cōnfirmātūrum esse | cōnfirmātum īrī |
| present participle | cōnfirmāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | cōnfirmātus cōnfirmāta, cōnfirmātā, cōnfirmātae, cōnfirmātam, cōnfirmātārum, cōnfirmātās, cōnfirmātī, cōnfirmātōrum, cōnfirmātōs |
| future participle | cōnfirmātūrus cōnfirmātūra, cōnfirmātūrā, cōnfirmātūrae, cōnfirmātūram, cōnfirmātūrārum, cōnfirmātūrās, cōnfirmātūre, cōnfirmātūrī, cōnfirmātūrīs, cōnfirmātūrō, cōnfirmātūrōrum, cōnfirmātūrōs, cōnfirmātūrum | cōnfirmandus |
gerundcōnfirmandī, cōnfirmandō, cōnfirmandumsupinecōnfirmātum, cōnfirmātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- spem alicuius confirmare
- to strengthen a person in his hopes.
- animum alicuius confirmare
- to strengthen, confirm a person's courage.
- opinio confirmata, inveterata
- a rooted opinion.
- animos militum confirmare (B. G. 5. 49)
- to encourage, embolden the soldiery.
- aliquid exemplis probare, comprobare, confirmare
- to quote precedents for a thing.
- argumentis confirmare, comprobare, evincere aliquid (or c. Acc. c. Inf.)
- to prove a thing indisputably.
con-firmo, āvi, ātum, 1,
I. v. a., to make firm, establish, strengthen, confirm (class., esp. in prose).
I. In gen. (prop. and trop.):
stipites confirmare et stabilire, Caes. B. G. 7, 73: ali hōc vires nervosque confirmari putant, id. ib. 6, 21: dentis mobilis, Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 178; cf. Scrib. Comp. 57; 59 sq.: confirmare et densare defluentem capillum, Plin. 25, 11, 83, § 132: crus debile, Suet. Vesp. 7; cf. id. Aug. 80: maxime religando confirmant parietum soliditatem, Vitr. 2, 8, 7: castellum magnis munitionibus multisque tormentis, Auct. B. Alex. 21, 5: intestina, i. e. to heal, cure, Cels. 4, 19: cicatriculam, id. 2, 10 fin.: se, to recover physically, to grow well (corresp. with convalescere), Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 2; 16, 3, 1; 16, 4, 4; 16, 1, 1.—Transf., of the vine, Col. 4, 3, 4: valetudinem, Cic. Att. 10, 17, 2: pacem et amicitiam cum proximis civitatibus, Caes. B. G. 1, 3; cf.: confirmare societatem datā ac acceptā fide, Sall. C. 44, 3: opes factionis, id. ib. 32, 2; cf.: viris suas, Vell. 2, 44, 2: suam manum, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 24: se transmarinis auxiliis, Caes. B. C. 1, 29: conjurationem, Nep. Dion, 8, 3: regnum Persarum, id. Milt. 3, 5; so, regnum, Suet. Caes. 9: imperium, id. Vit. 9: decreta, to confirm, Nep. Phoc. 3, 2: acta Caesaris, Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, 12: acta alicujus in transmarinis provinciis, Vell. 2, 44, 2: beneficia edicto, Suet. Tit. 8: provinciam a Caesare datam, id. Aug. 10.—II. Esp.
A. To confirm or strengthen courage, to instil courage into one, to encourage, inspirit, animate, embolden:
animum meum, to take heart, take courage, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 1: animum sapientissimi hominis, Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2; id. Quint. 24, 77: maximi animi hominem, id. ib. 4, 8, 1: animos ratione, Lucr. 1, 426: confirmare et excitare afflictos animos bonorum, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8: animos Gallorum verbis, Caes. B. G. 1, 33; Sall. C. 46, 3: vacillantium gentium animos, Vell. 2, 120, 1: suos ad dimicandum animo, Caes. B. G. 5, 49: milites, id. ib. 5, 52: timentes, id. ib. 7, 7; cf.: diffidentem rebus suis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23: territos, Sall. J. 38, 5: perterritos, Suet. Caes. 66; id. Aug. 43: Massilienses obsidione laborantes adventu suo, id. Ner. 2: animum suum ad virtutem, Auct. Her. 4, 22, 31 Klotz (al. conformavit): nepotem suum ad successionem imperii, Suet. Tib. 55 fin.: nunc erige te et confirma, take courage, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 5: cum ipse te confirmasses, hast acquired courage, id. Quint. 11, 39; cf.: confirmant ipsi se, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 1, 14 al.: eos multa pollicendo confirmat, uti Romam pergerent, Sall. J. 23, 2: alius alium confirmare, ne nomina darent, Liv. 2, 24, 2.—Aliquem alicui rei: gladiatores Lentulus libertati confirmat, encourages them to freedom, i. e. incites them to make themselves worthy of freedom, Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 4 dub. (Dinter and Kraner: spe libertatis).—With abstr. objects: reliqui temporis spem, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 22, 71: spem alicujus, Suet. Calig. 12: suspitionem, id. Tib. 52; cf.: sensus rectus et confirmatus, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2.—B. To confirm one in his disposition or feelings, in his fidelity (rare):
insulas bene animatas, Nep. Cim. 2, 4: homines, Caes. B. C. 1, 15: Gallias, Vell. 2, 120.—C. To confirm, give full assurance of, a fact, corroborate an assertion, settle, fix, establish, to prove, demonstrate the truth of a thing, etc. (very freq.):
confirmare nostra argumentis ac rationibus, deinde contraria refutare, Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 80; so opp. refutare, Quint. 5, prooem. § 2; 5, 13, 53; cf. opp. refellere, id. 3, 9, 6; 12, 1, 45; opp. diluere, id. 9, 2, 80: confirmare aut infirmare rem, Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49: divinationem, id. Div. 1, 32, 71; cf. id. ib. 2, 32, 78: quorum omnium testimoniis de hac Dionis pecuniā confirmatum est, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 23: crimen commenticium, id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42: haec istius vituperatio atque infamia confirmabatur eorum sermone, qui, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 101: perjurium, id. ib. 2, 4, 9, § 19: iste locus est tibi etiam atque etiam confirmandus, id. Fin. 5, 32, 95: his rebus confirmatis, Caes. B. G. 6, 6 Kraner ad loc. —With acc. and inf., Lucr. 2, 185; cf. id. 2, 179; 5, 198.—Pass. impers., with ne: sanctissimo jurejurando confirmari oportere, ne tecto recipiatur, qui non, etc., Caes. B. G. 7, 66 fin.: hoc idem visum esse ex superioribus castellis confirmaverunt, id. B. C. 3, 67; cf.: hoc ex ipsis caeli rationibus ausim Confirmare, nequaquam esse creatam, etc., Lucr. 2, 179.—Hence, 2. To assert, affirm, protest something as true or certain; constr. with acc., acc. and inf., or de:
hoc cum mihi non modo confirmasset, sed etiam persuasisset, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2: talem exsistere eloquentiam non potuisse confirmo, id. de Or. 2, 2, 6.—So with acc. and inf., Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 50; cf.: illud se polliceri et jurejurando confirmare, tutum iter per fines suos daturum, Caes. B. G. 5, 27: confirmare, fidem publicam per sese inviolatam fore, Sall. J. 33, 3: memini me audire te de glorioso et celeri reditu meo confirmare, Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—So with de, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; id. Arch. 7, 15.—Hence, confirmātus, a, um, P. a. A. (In acc. with II. A.) Encouraged, courageous, resolute:
animus certus et confirmatus, Cic. Quint. 24, 77; so, sensus rectus et confirmatus, id. Fam. 1, 8, 2: confirmatiorem exercitum efficere, Caes. B. C. 3, 84.—B. (Acc. to II. C.) Asserted, affirmed:
in quibus (litteris) erat confirmatius idem illud, etc., Cic. Att. 10, 15, 1.—C. (Proved; hence,) Certain, credible:
quod eo confirmatius erit, si, etc., Cic. Inv. 2, 11, 35: fides confirmatissima, most fixed, Porph. ad Hor. S. 1, 5, 27.—* Adv.: confirmātē (in acc. with I.), firmly, Auct. Her. 4, 11, 16.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
cōn-fīrmō āvī, ātus, āre,
to make firm, make strong, establish, strengthen: vires nervosque, Cs.: confirmandi causā, Cs.—Fig., to strengthen, establish, reinforce, confirm: se, to recover: valetudinem: cum civitatibus pacem, Cs.: societatem, S.: suam manum: sese auxiliis, Cs.: Galliam praesidiis: regnum Persarum, N.: decretum, to ratify: acta Caesaris.—To confirm, animate, inspirit, cheer, encourage, make bold: animos verbis, Cs.: confirmato animo, iubet, etc., S.: timentes, Cs.: diffidentem rebus suis: territos, S.: sese, Cs.: eos multa pollicendo, uti pergerent, to persuade, S.: gladiatores spe libertatis, Cs.: confirmant ipsi se, one another. — To confirm, strengthen (in purpose or fidelity): Oppianicum accusatorem filio: confirmandorum hominum causā, Cs. — To corroborate, prove, demonstrate, support, establish: nostra argumentis: hoc visum (esse), Cs.: hoc de omnibus: crimen commenticium: his confirmatis rebus, Cs. —To assert, affirm, protest, give assurance, assure solemnly: ut possum confirmare: hoc, quod intellego: de re tantā nihil frustra, Cs.: illud iure iurando daturum, etc., Cs.: fidem inviolatam fore, S.: hoc, vitam mihi prius defuturam, etc.: inter se, Cs.: iure iurando confirmari oportere, ne, etc., Cs.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*ḱe?
- Proto-Indo-European*ḱóm
- Proto-Italic*kom
- Proto-Italic*kom-
- Latincōnfirmō
Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *dʰermos Proto-Italic *θermos Proto-Italic *fermos Latin firmus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin firmō Latin cōnfirmō From con- (“with, together”) + firmō (“strengthen, fortify”).
Descendants
- Catalanconfirmar
- Englishconfirm
- Frenchconfirmer
- Italianconfermare
- Occitanconfirmar
- Portugueseconfirmar
- Romanianconfirma
- Spanishconfirmar
- Friulianconfermâ
- Galicianconfirmar
In English words that came into English from cōnfirmō
- confirmcōnfirmō
- confirmationcōnfirmātiō