barba1
Meaning
- femininebeard (facial hair)
Barba nōn facit philosophum.
A beard does not make a philosopher.Videō barbam et pallium; philosophum nōndum videō.
I see a beard and cloak; a philosopher I don’t yet see. - femininefigurativelywool, down on a plant
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
capillī quī in mentō virōrum crēscunt; medicus in tabulā barbam habet.pilī in mentō virīcapillī in mentō virīDeclension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | barba barbula | barbae barbulae |
| genitive | barbae barbulae | barbārum barbulārum |
| dative | barbae barbulae | barbīs barbulīs |
| accusative | barbam barbulam | barbās barbulās |
| ablative | barbā barbulā | barbīs barbulīs |
| vocative | barba barbula | barbae barbulae |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- promittere crinem, barbam
- to grow one's hair, beard long.
alba, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 15: hirquina, id. Ps. 4, 2, 12: mollis, Lucr. 5, 673: promissa, long, Nep. Dat. 3, 1; Liv. 5, 41, 9; Tac. A. 2, 31; id. G. 31: immissa, Verg. A. 3, 593; Ov. M. 12, 351; Quint. 12, 3, 12: stiriaque inpexis induruit horrida barbis, Verg. G. 3, 366: submittere (as a sign of mourning). Suet. Caes. 67; id. Aug. 23; id. Calig. 24: prima, Juv. 8, 166: barbam tondere, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58: maxima barba, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62: major, id. Agr. 2, 5, 13: ponere, Hor. A. P. 298; Suet. Calig. 5; 10; id. Ner. 12: jam libet hirsutam tibi falce recidere barbam, Ov. M. 13, 766: abradere, to clip off. Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 162; cf. Baumg.Crus. Suet. Caes. 45: rasitare, Gell. 3, 4: barbam vellere alicui, to pluck one by the beard (an insult), Hor. S. 1, 3, 133: sapientem pascere barbam, i. e. to study the Stoic philosophy, id. ib. 2, 3, 35; Pers. 1, 133; 2, 28: capillatior quam ante barbāque majore, Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 13; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62: in gens et cana barba, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 6.—Sometimes in plur. of a heavy, long beard, Petr. 99, 5; App. M. 4, p. 157, 1.—The statues of the gods had barbas aureas, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; hence, barbam auream habere = deum esse, Petr. 58, 6; cf. Pers. 2, 56.—The ancient Romans allowed the beard to grow long (hence, barbati, Cic. Mur. 12; id. Cael. 14, 33; id. Fin. 4, 23, 62; Juv. 4, 103; and: dignus barbā capillisque Majorum, of an upright, honest man, Juv. 16, 31), until A.U.C. 454, when a certain P. Titinius Menas brought barbers to Rome from Sicily, and introduced the custom of shaving the beard, Varr R. R. 2, 11, 10; Plin. 7, 59, 59, § 211. Scipio Africanus was the first who caused himself to be shaved daily, Plin. 1. 1. Still, this custom seems to have become general first in the Aug. per.; cf. Boettig. Sabina, 2, p. 57 sq.; Goer. Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62.—Young men allowed the beard to grow for some years; hence. juvenes barbatuli or bene barbati (v. barbatulus and barbatus). It was the custom to devote the first beard cut off to some deity, esp. to Apollo, Jupiter, or Venus, Petr. 29; Juv. 3, 186; Suet. Ner. 12.—hircorum, Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 74: caprarum, id. 26, 8, 30, § 47: gallinaceorum, id. 30, 11, 29, § 97: luporum, Hor. S. 1, 8, 42. —nucum, Plin. 15, 22, 24, § 89; cf. id. 17, 23, 35, § 202.—Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*bʰers-?
- Proto-Indo-European*bʰardʰéh₂
- Proto-Italic*farðā
- Latinbarba
Inherited from Proto-Italic *farðā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂ (“beard”). Since PIE *bʰ normally became [f] at the start of a Latin word, the initial [b] calls for some explanation. It is generally attributed to long-distance regressive assimilation in voicing and/or manner of articulation (e.g. *farb- > barb-). Italian farfecchie (“moustache”) may have been borrowed from a cognate word in another Italic language. If a relationship with this Italian word is accepted, then the assimilation discussed above must have postdated the common Italic stage. More information Katz (1998 and 2006:335–337) identifies one other potential example of this sound change, berber (found only in the Carmen Arvale; interpreted by Katz as meaning "firm", cognate to firmus, from *dʰer-), and proposes the sound law *fVrb- > bVrb-, noting it has no apparent counterexamples. This sound law is also endorsed by Weiss 2018:439-440 (citing Katz 2006), with the same examples, although Weiss prefers to interpret berber as meaning 'at every door' and derive it from *dʰwer- (“door, gate”) via *dʰwer-dʰwer (citing Weiss 2017 and Ligorio 2012). On the other hand, De Vaan 2008, citing Driessen 2001, considers this rule ad hoc. For comparison, fiber from *bʰébʰrus (with the similar but not identical shape fVbr-) shows a lack of assimilation (Katz 2006:336). Previously, Weiss 2009 suggested the alternative of deriving the */b-/ via long-distance aspirate dissimilation ("limited Latin Grassmann's Law") turning *bʰardʰeh₂ into *bardʰeh₂.
- Sardinianbalba
- Sardinianbarba
- Sardinianbalva
- Franco-Provençalbârba
- Ottoman Turkishبربرfrom Venetan barba
- Bretonbarvfrom Proto-Brythonic *barv
- Cornishbarvfrom Proto-Brythonic *barv
- Welshbarffrom Proto-Brythonic *barv
- Catalanbarba
- Occitanbarba
- Portuguesebarbafrom Old Galician-Portuguese barba
- Spanishbarba
- Aragonesebarba
- Asturianbarba
- Falabarbafrom Old Galician-Portuguese barba
- Falabalbafrom Old Galician-Portuguese barba
- Galicianbarbafrom Old Galician-Portuguese barba
- Ladinobarva
- Romanianbarbă
- Aromanianbarbã
- Istro-Romanianborbĕ
- Italianbarba
- Corsicanbarba
- Istriotbarba
- Dalmatianbuarba
- Sicilianvarva
- Sicilianbarba
- Sicilianvarba
- Emilianbarba
- Ligurianbàrba
- Lombardbarba
- Piedmontesebarba
- Friulianbarbe
- Romanshbarba