verbfirst conjugation
aestuō
aestuō (present infinitive aestuāre, perfect active aestuāvī, supine aestuātum)
Classical[ˈae̯s.tu.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈɛs.tu.o]
Meaning
- to be in agitation or violent commotion, move to and fro, writhe, rage, toss, boil up, heave
et ramosa tamen cum ventis pulsa vacillans / aestuat in ramos incumbens arboris arbor
Yet also when a many-branched tree, / beaten by winds, writhes swaying to and fro, pressing 'gainst branches of a neighbour treec. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.1097 - to burn, blaze, rage
[…] aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis
[…] as the rapacious fire blazes in a sealed furnacec. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 4.263 - to be warm or hot, swelter, glow, burn
[…] et cum exustus ager morientibus aestuat herbis / ecce […]
[…] and see, when the scorched land burns with the grasses withering […]c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 1.107 - to rise in waves or billows, surge, whirl, seethe
[…] ubi Maura semper / aestuat unda
[…] and Moorish wave / that whirls the sand.23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 2.6.4 - figurativelyto burn with desire, be agitated or excited, be inflamed, fret
quod ubi auditum est aestuare illi qui pecuniam dederant
And when this was known, they began to fret who had paid the money.70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.2.55 - figurativelyto vacillate, hesitate, be in doubt or undecided
sic anceps inter utrumque animus aestuat […]
Consequently, the mind will waver in doubt between the two alternatives […]c. 95 CE, Quintilianus, Institutio oratoria 10.7.33
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ut ignis ferveōaestuō -āre — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 9
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Calere · Fervere · Æstuare · Calefacere · Fovere
1. Calere and fervere denote, objectively, warmth by itself, and, indeed, calidus (κηλέῳ πυρί), in opp. to frigidus, a moderate degree of warmth, but fervidus, in opp. to gelidus, a degree of warmth on the point of boiling, heat; whereas æstuare (from αἴθω), subjectively, the feeling of heat, in opp. to algere. (iii. 89.) 2. Calefacere means to make warm, in a purely physical sense, without any accessory notion; whereas fovere (from ἀφαύω), with reference to the genial sensation, or salutary effect of the warmth. (vi. 48.)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | aestuō | aestuābam | aestuābō | aestuāvī | aestuāveram | aestuāverō aestuārō |
| 2nd sg. | aestuās | aestuābās | aestuābis | aestuāvistī aestuāstī | aestuāverās aestuārās | aestuāveris |
| 3rd sg. | aestuat | aestuābat | aestuābit | aestuāvit | aestuāverat aestuārat | aestuāverit aestuārit |
| 1st pl. | aestuāmus | aestuābāmus | aestuābimus | aestuāvimus | aestuāverāmus | aestuāverimus aestuārimus |
| 2nd pl. | aestuātis | aestuābātis | aestuābitis | aestuāvistis aestuāstis | aestuāverātis aestuārātis | aestuāveritis aestuāritis |
| 3rd pl. | aestuant | aestuābant | aestuābunt | aestuāvērunt aestuāvēre, aestuārunt | aestuāverant aestuārant | aestuāverint aestuārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | aestuem | aestuārem | aestuāverim aestuārim | aestuāvissem aestuāssem |
| 2nd sg. | aestuēs | aestuārēs | aestuāverīs | aestuāvissēs aestuāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | aestuet | aestuāret | aestuāverit aestuārit | aestuāvisset aestuāsset |
| 1st pl. | aestuēmus | aestuārēmus | aestuāverīmus aestuārīmus | aestuāvissēmus aestuāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | aestuētis | aestuārētis | aestuāverītis aestuārītis | aestuāvissētis aestuāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | aestuent | aestuārent | aestuāverint aestuārint | aestuāvissent aestuāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | aestuor | aestuābar | aestuābor |
| 2nd sg. | aestuāris aestuāre | aestuābāris aestuābāre | aestuāberis aestuābere |
| 3rd sg. | aestuātur | aestuābātur | aestuābitur |
| 1st pl. | aestuāmur | aestuābāmur | aestuābimur |
| 2nd pl. | aestuāminī | aestuābāminī | aestuābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | aestuantur | aestuābantur | aestuābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | aestuer | aestuārer |
| 2nd sg. | aestuēris aestuēre | aestuārēris aestuārēre |
| 3rd sg. | aestuētur | aestuārētur |
| 1st pl. | aestuēmur | aestuārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | aestuēminī | aestuārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | aestuentur | aestuārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | aestuā | aestuāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | aestuāte | aestuāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | aestuātō | aestuātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | aestuātō | aestuātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | aestuātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | aestuantō | aestuantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | aestuāre | aestuārī |
| perfect infinitive | aestuāvisse aestuāsse | aestuātum esse |
| future infinitive | aestuātūrum esse | aestuātum īrī |
| present participle | aestuāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | aestuātus aestuāta, aestuātā, aestuātae, aestuātam, aestuātārum, aestuātās, aestuātī, aestuātōrum, aestuātōs |
| future participle | aestuātūrus aestuātūra, aestuātūrā, aestuātūrae, aestuātūram, aestuātūrārum, aestuātūrās, aestuātūre, aestuātūrī, aestuātūrīs, aestuātūrō, aestuātūrōrum, aestuātūrōs, aestuātūrum | aestuandus aestuanda, aestuandā, aestuandae, aestuandam, aestuandārum, aestuandās, aestuande, aestuandīs, aestuandōrum, aestuandōs |
gerundaestuandī, aestuandō, aestuandumsupineaestuātum, aestuātū
aestŭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. aestus,
I. to be in agilation or in violent commotion, to move to and fro, to rage, to toss, to boil up.
I. Lit.
A. Of fire, to rage, burn:
aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis, as the fire heaves and roars in the closed furnaces, Verg. G. 4, 263: tectus magis aestuat ignis, Ov. M. 4, 64.—Hence, 2. Of the effect of fire, to be warm or hot, to burn, glow; both objectively, I am warm (Fr. je suis chaud), and subjectively, it is warm to me, I feel warm (Fr. j'ai chaud).
a. Object.: nunc dum occasio est, dum scribilitae aestuant (while the cakes are warm) occurrite, Plaut. Poen. prol. 43; Verg. G. 1, 107:
torridus aestuat aër, glows, Prop. 3, 24, 3; Luc. 1, 16. —b. Subject., to feel warmth or heat (weaker than sudare, to sweat, and opp. algere, to be cold, to feel cold;
v. Doed. Syn. 3, 89): Lycurgi leges erudiunt juventutem esuriendo, sitiendo, algendo, aestuando, Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34: ille cum aestuaret, umbram secutus est, id. Ac. 2, 22: sub pondere, Ov. M. 12, 514; Juv. 3, 103.—B. Of the undulating, heaving motion of the sea, to rise in waves or billows (cf. aestus):
Maura unda, Hor. C. 2, 6, 4: gurges, Verg. A. 6, 296.—C. Of other things, to have an undulating, waving motion, to be tossed, to heave:
in ossibus umor, Verg. G. 4, 308: ventis pulsa aestuat arbor, Lucr. 5, 1097; Gell. 17, 11, 5. —Of an agitated crowd, Prud. 11, 228.—II. Trop.
A. Of the passions, love, desire, envy, jealousy, etc., to burn with desire, to be in violent, passionate excitement, to be agitated or excited, to be inflamed:
quod ubi auditum est, aestuare (hist. inf.) illi, qui dederant pecuniam, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23: quae cum dies noctesque aestuans agitaret, Sall. J. 93: desiderio alicujus, Cic. Fam. 7, 18: invidiā, Sall. C. 23: ingens in corde pudor, Verg. A. 12, 666: at rex Odrysius in illa Aestuat, Ov. M. 6, 490 (cf. uri in id. ib. 7, 22; and ardere in id, ib. 9, 724); Mart. 9, 23: aestuat (Alexander) infelix angusto limite mundi (the figure is derived from the swelling and raging of the sea when confined), Juv. 10, 169; so Luc. 6, 63.—B. Esp. in prose, to waver, to vacillate, to hesitate, to be uncertain or in doubt, to be undecided:
dubitatione, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30: quod petiit, spernit; repetit quod nuper omisit; Aestuat et vitae disconvenit ordine toto, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 99: sic anceps inter utramque animus aestuat, Quint. 10, 7, 33; Suet. Claud. 4: aestuante rege, Just. 1, 10.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
aestuō āvī, ātus, āre
aestus, of fire, to rage, burn: Aestuat ignis, V. — To be warm, be hot, burn, glow: ager aestuat herbis, V.: erudire iuventutem algendo, aestuando: sub pondere, O.— Of the sea, to rise in waves, surge: Maura semper unda, H.: gurges, seethes, V.; cf. nebulā specus, i. e. smokes, V.—To undulate, swell, be tossed, heave: in ossibus umor, V.—Fig., of passion, to burn, be excited, be inflamed: aestuare illi, qui dederant pecuniam: quae cum aestuans agitaret, S.: in corde pudor, V.: rex in illā Aestuat, for her, O.— To waver, vacillate, hesitate, be in doubt: dubitatione: Aestuat et vitae disconvenit, H.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-der. Proto-Italic *aissus Latin aestus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin aestuō From aestus (“undulating, waving; heat”) + -ō.