aestās
Meaning
- summer
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
tempus annī calidum, cum sōl altus est; frūmentum aestāte mātūrum fit.tempus annī calidumDeclension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | aestās | aestātēs |
| genitive | aestātis | aestātum |
| dative | aestātī | aestātibus |
| accusative | aestātem | aestātēs |
| ablative | aestāte | aestātibus |
| vocative | aestās | aestātēs |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- summa aestate, hieme
- in the height of summer, depth of winter.
aestas et hiems, nox et dies, Vulg. Gen. 8, 22: in a restricted sense, the summer, the three months from the entrance of the sun into Cancer to the autumnal equinox (the entrance into Libra): Arabes campos et montes hieme et aestate peragrantes, Cic. Div. 1, 42: (formica) parat in aestate cibum sibi, Vulg. Prov. 6, 8: aestate ineunte, at the beginning of summer, Cic. Att. 4, 2: nova, Verg. A. 1, 430: media, midsummer, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35: jam adulta, Tac. A. 2, 23; so Aur. Vict. Caes. 32, 3 Arntz.: summa, the height of summer, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31: exacta, Sall. J. 65: finita, Vulg. Jer. 8, 20: cum affecta jam prope aestate uvas a sole mitescere tempus est, Cic. Oecon. ap. Non. 161, 2.— With anni, summer-time, Gell. 2, 21: aestate anni flagrantissima, id. 19, 5.—Since war among the ancients was carried on only in summer, aestas is sometimes (like θέρος in Gr.) used by the histt. for, quae duabus aestatibus gesta, Tac. A. 6, 39; so. te jam septuma portat omnibus errantem terris aestas, Verg. A. 1, 756.—ignea, Hor. C. 1, 17, 3.— *aestates, Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 185, where Jan. reads testas.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
According to De Vaan, the term probably derives from Proto-Italic *aissāts, itself from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-teh₂t-s, from the root *h₂eydʰ-. De Vaan proposes that the form *aissāts then underwent the analogical restoration of the suffix -tās during the transition to Latin. De Vaan criticizes an alternative etymology from *h₂e-h₂idʰ-eti, an i-reduplicated thematic present from the same root. This theory proposes that the aforementioned PIE form yielded *aīð-tu-, whence *aistu-, which is itself supposedly the source of both aestās and aestus. However, De Vaan argues that the existence of this reduplicated disyllabic PIE term is "unfounded." Moreover, De Vaan notes that -dʰt- becomes -ss- in Latin rather than -st-, preferring instead *h₂eydʰ-teh₂ts Proto-Italic *aissāt-s, which then had the suffix -t- consonant restored. Cognate with Latin aestus, Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō), and Old English ād (“pyre”).
- Italianestate
- Italianistate
- Italianstate
- Dalmatianinstuat
- Judeo-Italianאיסטאטה
- Sicilianastati
- Venetanistà
- Frenchétéfrom Old French esté
- Normanêtéfrom Old French esté
- Normanétaïfrom Old French esté
- Walloonestéfrom Old French esté
- Catalanestat
- Old Occitanestat
- Spanishestad
- Campidanesestadi
- Logudoreseistade
- Friulianistât
- Friulianinstât
- Romanshstad
- Romanshsted
- Emilianestè
- Emilianestèd