verbfirst conjugation
vulnerō
vulnerō (present infinitive vulnerāre, perfect active vulnerāvī, supine vulnerātum)
Classical[ˈwʊɫ.nɛ.roː]Ecclesiastical[ˈvul.ne.ro]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- to wound, injure, hurt
Puella dē arbore cecidit et crūs vulnerāvit.
The girl fell from a tree and hurt her leg.servi nonnulli vulnerantur, ipse Rubrius in turba sauciatur
Several slaves were wounded, and Rubius himself was injured in the struggle106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Verrine Orations 2.67
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
vulnus dō; mīles vulnerātus.vulnerō -āre — in Mille Verba, Bellum et Arma
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Vulnus · Plaga · Ulcus · Cicatrix · Saucius
1. Vulnus and plaga denote a wound from without; vulnus (from lanius?) by means of a weapon, or other cutting instrument; plaga, by means of any instrument carried with intention to injure; whereas ulcus (ἄλοξ, ὦλξ) means any open or sore place in the body, that has begun to fester, etc.; cicatrix, the scar that is left when a wound is healed. Suet. Vit. 10. Verbera et plagas, sæpe vulnera, nonnunquam necem repræsentantes adversantibus. Plin. H. N. xvi. 12. Cels. viii. 4. 2. Vulneratus means wounded in general; saucius, so wounded as to be unfit for fighting, and is the proper expression for those that are wounded in battle. Cic. Verr. i. 27. Servi nonnulli vulnerantur; ipse Rubrius sauciatur. (iv. 255.)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vulnerō | vulnerābam | vulnerābō | vulnerāvī | vulnerāveram | vulnerāverō vulnerārō |
| 2nd sg. | vulnerās | vulnerābās | vulnerābis | vulnerāvistī vulnerāstī | vulnerāverās vulnerārās | vulnerāveris |
| 3rd sg. | vulnerat | vulnerābat | vulnerābit | vulnerāvit | vulnerāverat vulnerārat | vulnerāverit vulnerārit |
| 1st pl. | vulnerāmus | vulnerābāmus | vulnerābimus | vulnerāvimus | vulnerāverāmus | vulnerāverimus vulnerārimus |
| 2nd pl. | vulnerātis | vulnerābātis | vulnerābitis | vulnerāvistis vulnerāstis | vulnerāverātis vulnerārātis | vulnerāveritis vulnerāritis |
| 3rd pl. | vulnerant | vulnerābant | vulnerābunt | vulnerāvērunt vulnerāvēre, vulnerārunt | vulnerāverant vulnerārant | vulnerāverint vulnerārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vulnerem | vulnerārem | vulnerāverim vulnerārim | vulnerāvissem vulnerāssem |
| 2nd sg. | vulnerēs | vulnerārēs | vulnerāverīs | vulnerāvissēs vulnerāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | vulneret | vulnerāret | vulnerāverit vulnerārit | vulnerāvisset vulnerāsset |
| 1st pl. | vulnerēmus | vulnerārēmus | vulnerāverīmus vulnerārīmus | vulnerāvissēmus vulnerāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | vulnerētis | vulnerārētis | vulnerāverītis vulnerārītis | vulnerāvissētis vulnerāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | vulnerent | vulnerārent | vulnerāverint vulnerārint | vulnerāvissent vulnerāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vulneror | vulnerābar | vulnerābor |
| 2nd sg. | vulnerāris vulnerāre | vulnerābāris vulnerābāre | vulnerāberis vulnerābere |
| 3rd sg. | vulnerātur | vulnerābātur | vulnerābitur |
| 1st pl. | vulnerāmur | vulnerābāmur | vulnerābimur |
| 2nd pl. | vulnerāminī | vulnerābāminī | vulnerābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | vulnerantur | vulnerābantur | vulnerābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vulnerer | vulnerārer |
| 2nd sg. | vulnerēris vulnerēre | vulnerārēris vulnerārēre |
| 3rd sg. | vulnerētur | vulnerārētur |
| 1st pl. | vulnerēmur | vulnerārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | vulnerēminī | vulnerārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | vulnerentur | vulnerārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | vulnerā | vulnerāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | vulnerāte | vulnerāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | vulnerātō | vulnerātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | vulnerātō | vulnerātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | vulnerātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | vulnerantō | vulnerantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | vulnerāre | vulnerārī |
| perfect infinitive | vulnerāvisse vulnerāsse | vulnerātum esse |
| future infinitive | vulnerātūrum esse | vulnerātum īrī |
| present participle | vulnerāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | vulnerātus vulnerāta, vulnerātā, vulnerātae, vulnerātam, vulnerātārum, vulnerātās, vulnerātī, vulnerātōrum, vulnerātōs |
| future participle | vulnerātūrus vulnerātūra, vulnerātūrā, vulnerātūrae, vulnerātūram, vulnerātūrārum, vulnerātūrās, vulnerātūre, vulnerātūrī, vulnerātūrīs, vulnerātūrō, vulnerātūrōrum, vulnerātūrōs, vulnerātūrum | vulnerandus vulneranda, vulnerandā, vulnerandae, vulnerandam, vulnerandārum, vulnerandās, vulnerande, vulnerandīs, vulnerandōrum, vulnerandōs |
gerundvulnerandī, vulnerandō, vulnerandumsupinevulnerātum, vulnerātū
vulnĕro (voln-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. vulnus,
I. to wound, to hurt, or injure by a wound (syn.: saucio, ferio).
I. Lit.:
neu quis quem prius vulneret, quam illum interfectum viderit, Caes. B. G. 5, 58: L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur, id. ib. 5, 35 fin.: plerosque jacula tormentis aut manu emissa vulnerabant, Sall. J. 57, 6: acie ipsā et ferri viribus vulnerari, Cic. Sest. 10, 24: corpus vulneratum ferro, id. Red. in Sen. 3, 7: (aper) vulnerat armentum, Ov. M. 11, 372.—With acc. of part affected: ipse volneratus umerum, femur, Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 103.—B. Transf., of things: Romanorum duae naves fractae sunt, vulneratae aliquot, Liv. 37, 30, 9:
multis ictibus vulnerata navis erat, id. 37, 24, 8: Scythicorum (smaragdorum) tanta duritia est, ut non queant vulnerari, cannot be injured, defaced, Plin. 37, 5, 16, § 64.—II. Trop., to wound, hurt, injure, pain, etc.:
aliquem voce, Cic. Cat. 1, 4, 9: virorum hoc animos vulnerare posset, Liv. 34, 7, 7: laesus ac vulneratus reus, Quint. 7, 2, 30: gravior ne nuntius aures Vulneret, Verg. A. 8, 583; cf.: vulnerant aures eorum praecepta continentiae, Lact. 7, 1, 14: (amor) mea vulnerat arcu Pectora, Ov. A. A. 1, 21: fortunae vulneror ictu, id. P. 2, 7, 41: crimine vulnerari, id. H. 18 (19), 105.Origins
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin vulnerō From vulnus (“wound”) + -ō.
Descendants
- Catalanvulnerar
- Englishvulnerate
- Italianvulnerare
- Portuguesevulnerar
- Romanianvulnera
- Spanishvulnerar
- Galicianvulnerar