verbthird conjugation
volvō
volvō (present infinitive volvere, perfect active volvī, supine volūtum)
Classical[ˈwɔɫ.woː]Ecclesiastical[ˈvɔl.vo]
Meaning
- to roll, tumble
[...] flammaeque furentēs / culmina perque hominum volvantur perque deōrum.
… and the flames are raging, rolling again and again through the roofs of men and gods. (In other words, razing homes and temples.)29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.670–671
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
quī volvitur, sē vertēnsvolvēns -entis — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 11
roll
volvō -ere — in De Bello Gallico III
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | volvō | volvēbam | volvam | volvī | volveram | volverō |
| 2nd sg. | volvis | volvēbās | volvēs | volvistī | volverās | volveris |
| 3rd sg. | volvit | volvēbat | volvet | volvit | volverat | volverit |
| 1st pl. | volvimus | volvēbāmus | volvēmus | volvimus | volverāmus | volverimus |
| 2nd pl. | volvitis | volvēbātis | volvētis | volvistis | volverātis | volveritis |
| 3rd pl. | volvunt | volvēbant | volvent | volvērunt volvēre | volverant | volverint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | volvam | volverem | volverim | volvissem |
| 2nd sg. | volvās | volverēs | volverīs | volvissēs |
| 3rd sg. | volvat | volveret | volverit | volvisset |
| 1st pl. | volvāmus | volverēmus | volverīmus | volvissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | volvātis | volverētis | volverītis | volvissētis |
| 3rd pl. | volvant | volverent | volverint | volvissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | volvor | volvēbar | volvar |
| 2nd sg. | volveris volvere | volvēbāris volvēbāre | volvēris volvēre |
| 3rd sg. | volvitur | volvēbātur | volvētur |
| 1st pl. | volvimur | volvēbāmur | volvēmur |
| 2nd pl. | volviminī | volvēbāminī | volvēminī |
| 3rd pl. | volvuntur | volvēbantur | volventur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | volvar | volverer |
| 2nd sg. | volvāris volvāre | volverēris volverēre |
| 3rd sg. | volvātur | volverētur |
| 1st pl. | volvāmur | volverēmur |
| 2nd pl. | volvāminī | volverēminī |
| 3rd pl. | volvantur | volverentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | volve | volvere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | volvite | volviminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | volvitō | volvitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | volvitō | volvitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | volvitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | volvuntō | volvuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | volvere | volvī volvier |
| perfect infinitive | volvisse | volūtum esse |
| future infinitive | volūtūrum esse | volūtum īrī |
| present participle | volvēns volvente, volventem, volventēs, volventī, volventia, volventibus, volventis, volventīs, volventium | — |
| perfect participle | — | volūtus volūta, volūtā, volūtae, volūtam, volūtārum, volūtās, volūte, volūtī, volūtīs, volūtō, volūtōrum, volūtōs |
| future participle | volūtūrus volūtūra, volūtūrā, volūtūrae, volūtūram, volūtūrārum, volūtūrās, volūtūre, volūtūrī, volūtūrīs, volūtūrō, volūtūrōrum, volūtūrōs, volūtūrum | volvendus volvenda, volvendā, volvendae, volvendam, volvendārum, volvendās, volvende, volvendīs, volvendōrum, volvendōs |
gerundvolvendī, volvendō, volvendumsupinevolūtum, volūtū
volvo, volvi, vŏlūtum, 3 (
I. inf. pass. volvier, Lucr. 5, 714), v. a. Sanscr. varas, circumference; Gr. ἐλύω, to wrap; root ϝελ-, to roll, turn about, turn round, tumble any thing.
I. Lit.
A. In gen.:
(amnis) volvit sub undis Grandia saxa, Lucr. 1, 288; Verg. A. 11, 529; Ov. Ib. 173: flumen lapides volvens, Hor. C. 3, 29, 38: beluas cum fluctibus (procellae), Plin. 9, 3, 2, § 5: vortices (flumen), Hor. C. 2, 9, 22: fumum caligine (ventus), Lucr. 6, 691: oculos huc illuc, Verg. A. 4, 363: oculos per singula, id. ib. 8, 618: filum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 114 Müll. volvendi sunt libri, to unroll, i. e. open, Cic. Brut. 87, 298: Tyrrhena carmina retro, Lucr. 6, 381 (hence, volumen, in the signif. of roll, book, volume, v. h. v. I.): semineces volvit multos, rolls in the dust, fells to the ground, Verg. A. 12, 329 et saep.—B. In partic.
1. To roll up or together, form by rolling:
pilas, Plin. 30, 11, 30, § 99; cf.: qui terga dederant, conversi in hostem volventesque orbem, etc., forming a circle, Liv. 22, 29, 5: jam orbem volventes suos increpans, id. 4, 28, 3.—2. To breathe, exhale, etc. (poet.):
vitalis aëris auras Volvere in ore, Lucr. 6, 1225: (equus) Collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem, Verg. G. 3, 85.—3. Mid., to turn or roll itself round about, to turn or roll along:
nobis caenum teterrima quom sit Spurcities, eadem subus haec jucunda videtur, Insatiabiliter toti ut volvantur ibidem, Lucr. 6, 978: ille (anguis) inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus Volvitur, Verg. A. 7, 349: cylindrum volvi et versari turbinem putant, Cic. Fat. 18, 42: illi qui volvuntur stellarum cursus sempiterni, id. Rep. 6, 17, 17: excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis, rolls, Verg. A. 10, 590: volvi humi, id. ib. 11, 640: volvitur Euryalus leto, id. ib. 9, 433: lacrimae volvuntur inanes, roll, flow, id. ib. 4, 449.— Part.: volventia plaustra, Verg. G. 1, 163.— II. Trop., to roll, roll along, roll off or onwards, etc.
A. In gen.:
volvere curarum tristes in pectore fluctus, Lucr. 6, 34: magnos fluctus irarum, id. 6, 74: ingentes iras in pectore, Liv. 35, 18, 6: tot volvere casus Insignem pietate virum, i. e. to undergo so many misfortunes, Verg. A. 1, 9; cf.: satis diu saxum hoc volvo, Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 55: (lunam) celerem pronos Volvere menses, in rolling on, Hor. C. 4, 6, 40; cf.: volvendis mensibus, Verg. A. 1, 269: has omnis (animas) ubi mille rotam volvere per annos, i. e. completed the cycle, id. ib. 6, 748; and neutr.: volventibus annis, with revolving years, after the lapse of years, id. ib. 1, 234; cf.: volventia lustra, Lucr. 5, 928: volvens annus, Ov. M. 5, 565: sic fata deum rex Sortitur volvitque vices, fixes the series of revolving events, Verg. A. 3, 376; cf.: sic volvere Parcas, id. ib. 1, 22: M. Pontidius celeriter sane verba volvens, rolling off, Cic. Brut. 70, 246: sententias facile verbis, id. ib. 81, 280 longissima est complexio verborum, quae volvi uno spiritu potest, id. de Or. 3, 47, 182: ne verba traic amus aperte, quo melius aut cadat aut volvatur oratio, be rounded, form periods, id. Or. 69, 229.—B. In partic., to turn over or revolve in the mind; to ponder, meditate, or reflect upon, consider (cf. verso):
multa cum animo suo volvebat, Sall. J. 6, 2; 108, 3: multa secum, id. C. 32, 1; id. J. 113, 1; Liv. 26, 7, 3: immensa omnia animo, id. 2, 49, 5; Tac. H. 1, 30; Suet. Vesp. 5: bellum in animo, Liv. 42, 5, 1: in pectore, id. 35, 18, 6: has inanium rerum inanes ipsas volventes cogitationes, id. 6, 28, 7; 34, 60, 2; 32, 20, 2; Curt. 10, 5, 15: incerta consilia, id. 10, 8, 7; 5, 9, 3: bellum adversus nos, Tac. A. 3, 38: Fauni sub pectore sortem, Verg. A. 7, 254: haec illis volventibus tandem vicit fortuna reipublicae, Sall. C. 41, 3: subinde hoc in animo volve, Sen. Ep. 13, 13: secretas cogitationes intra se, Curt. 10, 8, 9: adeo ut plerumque intra me ipsum volvam, Tac. A. 14, 53: regna tecum volvis, Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 1: mente aliquid, Lact. Epit. 60, 13.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
volvō volvī, volūtus, ere
3 VOL-, to cause to revolve, roll, turn about, turn round: saxa glareosa volvens (flumen), L.: Medumque flumen minores volvere vertices, H.: volvendi sunt libri, to be unrolled (in reading): per amnis sinūs errorem volvens, i. e. following up the windings, L.: Seminecīs volvit multos, rolls in the dust, V.—To roll up, roll together, form by rolling: qui terga dederant, volventes orbem, etc., forming a circle, L.: (equus) volvit sub naribus ignem, V.—Pass, to turn round, move in curves, revolve, roll down: Ille (anguis) inter vestīs et levia pectora lapsus Volvitur, V.: illi qui volvuntur stellarum cursūs sempiterni: lacrimae volvuntur inanes, flow, V.: volventia plaustra, V.—Fig., in time, to roll, roll along, bring on, bring around (poet.): (lunam) celerem pronos Volvere mensīs, swift in bringing by her revolutions, H.: sic volvere Parcas, i. e. determine, V.: sic deum rex volvit vices, i. e. determines the changes of events, V.: volventibus annis, with revolving years, V.: volvens annus, O.—In the mind, to ponder, meditate, dwell upon, think over, reflect on, consider: multa cum animo suo, S.: bellum in animo, L.: bellum adversus nos, Ta.: incerta consilia, Cu.: Fauni sub pectore sortem, V.: haec illis volventibus tandem vicit fortuna rei p., S.: iras in pectore, cherishes, L.—In speaking, to roll off, utter fluently: celeriter verba: complexio verborum, quae volvi uno spiritu potest: quo melius volvatur oratio, be rounded off.—To unroll, undergo, experience in succession: tot volvere casūs virum. V.: Multa virum volens durando saecula vincit (aesculus), V.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *wolwō, from earlier *welwō, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, round”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐλύω (elúō, “to roll around”), εἰλύω (eilúō, “to enfold”), εἴλω (eílō, “to roll up, pack close”), ἑλίσσω (helíssō, “to turn round, to roll”), ἕλιξ (hélix), Albanian valle (“circle dance”), Old Armenian գելում (gelum), Old English wielwan, wealwian (“to roll”). Compare Latin vulgus. More at wallow.
Descendants
- Catalanvogir
- Spanishbojearfrom Catalan vogir
- Spanishbojarfrom Catalan vogir
- Englishvolve
- Englishvault
- Frenchvoudrefrom Old French voldre
- Frenchvouderfrom Old French voldre
- Italianvolgere
- Italianvolvere
- Portuguesevolver