verbsecond conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
vireō1
vireō (present infinitive virēre, perfect active viruī)
Classical[ˈwɪ.re.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈviː.re.o]
Meaning
- to be verdant, green; to sprout new green growth
- to flourish; to be lively, vigorous
Conjugation conjugation 2 no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | vireō | virēbam | virēbō | viruī | virueram | viruerō |
| 2nd sg. | virēs | virēbās | virēbis | viruistī | viruerās | virueris |
| 3rd sg. | viret | virēbat | virēbit | viruit | viruerat | viruerit |
| 1st pl. | virēmus | virēbāmus | virēbimus | viruimus | viruerāmus | viruerimus |
| 2nd pl. | virētis | virēbātis | virēbitis | viruistis | viruerātis | virueritis |
| 3rd pl. | virent | virēbant | virēbunt | viruērunt viruēre | viruerant | viruerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | viream | virērem | viruerim | viruissem |
| 2nd sg. | vireās | virērēs | viruerīs | viruissēs |
| 3rd sg. | vireat | virēret | viruerit | viruisset |
| 1st pl. | vireāmus | virērēmus | viruerīmus | viruissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | vireātis | virērētis | viruerītis | viruissētis |
| 3rd pl. | vireant | virērent | viruerint | viruissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | virē | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | virēte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | virētō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | virētō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | virētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | virentō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | virēre | — |
| perfect infinitive | viruisse | — |
| present participle | virēns virente, virentem, virentēs, virentī, virentia, virentibus, virentis, virentīs, virentium | — |
gerundvirendī, virendō, virendum
vĭrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n.,
I. to be green or verdant (syn. viridor).
I. Lit.:
alia semper virent, alia, hieme nudatā, verno tempore tepefacta frondescunt, Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37: fronde virere novā, Verg. A. 6, 206: quo viret uva jugo, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 78: quod pubes hederā virente Gaudeat, Hor. C. 1, 25, 17: summa (montis) pinu, Ov. F. 5, 382: lucus, id. M. 14, 837: agellus, Hor. A. P. 117: stagna musco, Verg. G. 4, 18: circa ilicibus virentem Alburnum, id. ib. 3, 146: pectora felle, Ov. M. 2, 777: metalla Taygeti, of the green Spartan marble, Mart. 6, 42, 11; 9, 76, 9.—II. Trop., to be fresh, vigorous, or lively; to flourish, bloom:
vegetum ingenium vivido pectore vigebat, virebatque integris sensibus, Liv. 6, 22, 7; cf. Hor. C. 1, 9, 17: Chia, id. ib. 4, 13, 6: dum virent genua, id. Epod. 13, 4: aetas populi Romani viruit, Flor. 1, 22: ut novus serpens ... solet squamā virere recenti, Ov. M. 9, 267: virium gloriā virente florere, Just. 4, 4, 5.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
vireō —, ēre
VIR-, to be green, be verdant: alia semper virent, alia verno tempore frondescunt: Fronde novā, V.: hederā virente gaudere, H.: circa ilicibus virentem Alburnum, V.: Pectora felle, O.—Fig., to be fresh, be vigorous, flourish, bloom: ingenium virebatque integris sensibus, L.: Donec virenti (tibi) canities abest, H.: serpens solet squamā virere recenti, O.
Origins
Unknown. The LIV suggests that it derives from a PIE verb *wis-éh₁-ye-ti, from a root *weys-, perhaps whence also Lithuanian veisti (“to breed, rear”). Moreover, the term has been connected with Old Norse vísir (“sprout”), and Old English wīse (“sprout, stem”). If this comparison is accepted, the terms could all be attributed to a PIE root of the shape *weys-. However, De Vaan expresses skepticism of all of the proposed cognates on semantic grounds.
In English words that came into English from vireō
- vireovireō
- viridianviridis
- sempervirentsemper
- virescentvirescens
- viridviridis
- virentvirens