noun · masculinesecond declension
umerus
umerus m (genitive umerī)
Classical[ˈʊ.mɛ.rʊs]Ecclesiastical[ˈuː.me.rus]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- masculinethe humerus bone
- masculineshoulder (especially of a human)
- masculineof mountain ridges
Montium vero flexus crebrique vertices et conflexa cubito aut confracta in umeros iuga
77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 2.44 - masculineof trees or plants
certumque est ab umeris arborum orientem aestivum spectantibus surculos petendos
77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 17.24 - masculineof a country
Regium oppidum, in umero eius situm, a quo veluti cervicis incipit flexus
77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 3.8 - masculinethe shoulders (when speaking of a burden)
tota ut comitia suis, ut dictitabat, umeris sustineret
that he supported on his own shoulders, as he used to say, the whole comitia52 BCE, Cicero, Pro Milone
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
summa pars bracchiī, ubi bracchium ā corpore incipit.umerus -ī m — in Mille Verba, Corpus Hūmānum
pars corporis sub collōumerus -ī (m) — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 5
pars corporis suprā bracchiumumerus -ī (m) — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 21
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Armus · Humerus · Ala · Axilla
Armus (ramus?) is the highest part of the upper arm in men; the fore-leg in beasts; the shoulder-blade, as part of the whole body, distinguished from scapula, as part of the skeleton, like ὦμος; humerus, the flat surface, which in the human body is over the upper arm, the shoulder, like ἐπωμίς; ala and axilla, the cavity which is under the upper arm, the arm-pit, like μασχάλη. Ovid, Met. xii. 396. Ex humeris medios coma dependebat in armos. And x. 599. xiv. 304. Plin. H. N. xi. 43. (iv. 27.)
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | umerus umerulus | umerī humerī, umerulī |
| genitive | umerī humerī, umerulī | umerōrum humerōrum, umerulōrum |
| dative | umerō humerō, umerulō | umerīs humerīs, umerulīs |
| accusative | umerum humerum, umerulum | umerōs humerōs, umerulōs |
| ablative | umerō humerō, umerulō | umerīs humerīs, umerulīs |
| vocative | umere humere, umerule | umerī humerī, umerulī |
ŭmĕrus (incorrectly spelled hŭmĕ-rus in many edd.), i, m. cf. ὦμος.
I. Prop., the upper bone of the arm, Cels. 8, 1. —
II. Meton.
A. The upper part of the arm (so only poet. for the usual lacertus):
innixus dextro plena trahens umero, upperarm, arm, Prop. 1, 20, 44: umeros exsertus uterque, Stat. Th. 5, 439; 4, 235; Ov. F. 1, 409.—B. The shoulder (of a man; opp. armus of an animal, v. h. v.;
the predom. signif. of the word): meus est ballista pugnus, cubitus catapulta est mihi, Umerus aries, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17: id conexum in umero laevo, id. Mil. 4, 4, 44: sagittae pendebant ab umero, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 74; cf. Hor. C. 1, 21, 12: umerum apertum gladio appetit, Caes. B. C. 2, 35: Chloris albo sic umero nitens, Hor. C. 2, 5, 18: sparsum odoratis umerum capillis, id. ib. 3, 20, 14: pars umeri ima tui, Ov. A. A. 3, 307.— Plur.: (virgines) quas matres student Demissis umeris esse, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 23: scutum, gladium, galeam in onere nostri milites non plus numerant quam umeros, lacertos, manus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37: ut bracchia modo atque umeri ad sustinenda arma liberi ab aquā esse possent, Caes. B. G. 7, 56: pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare, id. B. C. 1, 62: cum Milo umeris sustineret bovem vivum, Cic. Sen. 10, 33: quod pupillum filium ipse paene in umeros suos extulisset, id. de Or. 1, 53, 228: densum umeris vulgus, Hor. C. 2, 13, 32: nube candentes umeros amictus Augur Apollo, id. ib. 1, 2, 31; so, candidi, id. ib. 1, 13, 10: umeris positurus arcum, id. ib. 3, 4, 60: et quae nunc umeris involitant, deciderint comae, id. ib. 4, 10, 3 et saep.: ex umeris armi fiunt, Ov. M. 10, 700; so id. ib. 12, 396; cf.: terrestrium solus homo bipes: uni juguli, umeri, ceteris armi, Plin. 11, 43, 98, § 243.—2. Umerus is also used of animals (as, on the other hand, armi is of men; v. armus);
of oxen, Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 159.—Of cocks, Col. 8, 2, 9.—C. Of the middle part of a thing, the back, ridge (post-Aug.).
1. Of trees and plants:
certum est ab umeris arborum surculos petendos, Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 105; Col. 3, 10, 5; id. Arb. 3, 1.—2. Of mountain ridges:
montium flexus crebrique vertices et conflexa cubito aut confracta in umeros juga, Plin. 2, 44, 44, § 115 (al. numeros): virides umeros, Stat. Th. 6, 714. —3. Of a country:
Rhegium oppidum in umero ejus (Italiae) situm, a quo veluti cervicis incipit flexus, Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 43; so, duo haec oppida ... sita sunt utrāque ex parte velut in umeris Helladis, id. 4, 7, 11, § 23.—III. Trop., in plur., the shoulders; as in Engl., when speaking of bearing a burden:
tota ut comitia suis, ut dictitabat, umeris sustineret, Cic. Mil. 9, 25: rem publicam umeris sustinere, id. Fl. 37, 94: cum expertus esset, quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium, Plin. Pan. 10, 6; 57, 4: sumite materiam vestris qui scribitis aequam Viribus, et versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri, Hor. A. P. 40.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
umerus (not hum-), ī, m
cf. ὦμος, the upper arm, shoulder : Exerit haec umerum, O.: sagittae pendebant ab umero: umerum apertum gladio appetit, Cs.: Pars umeri ima tui, O.: Demissis umeris esse, T.: umeri ad sustinenda arma liberi, Cs.: umeris sustinere bovem: umeris positurus arcum, H.: Ex umeris armi fiunt, O.—Fig.: comitia suis umeris sustinere: qui scribitis, versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri, H.
Origins
From *h₂omes- (“shoulder”), a variant vocalism of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓms (“shoulder”), by rhotacism. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos), Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).
Borrowings
- Catalanhúmer
- Englishhumerus
- Frenchhumérus
- Portugueseúmero
- Romanianhumerus
- Spanishhúmero
- Galicianúmero
Ibero-Romance
- Portugueseombrofrom Old Galician-Portuguese ombro
- Spanishhombrofrom Old Spanish ombro
- Aragonesehuembro
- Asturianhombru
- Galicianombrofrom Old Galician-Portuguese ombro
- Galicianombreirofrom Old Galician-Portuguese ombro
Balkan Romance
- Romanianumăr
- Aromaniananumir
- Aromaniannumir
- Aromanianumir
- Istro-Romanianrumer
- Istro-Romanianumer
- Megleno-Romaniannumir
Italo-Romance
- Italianomero
- Corsicanvomaru
- Gallureseumaru
Òc
- Gasconume
- Gasconumbe
- Gasconhume
- Gasconhumet