noun · masculinesecond declension
torus
torus m (genitive torī)
Classical[ˈtɔ.rʊs]Ecclesiastical[ˈtɔː.rus]
Mille Verba core vocabulary
Meaning
- masculineround, swelling, bulging place; elevation, protuberance
- masculinebulge, knot
- masculinepoeticusuallymuscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of animal bodies
- masculinepoeticusuallybulge, thickness of trees
- masculineraised ornament, knot on a garland
- masculinepoeticusuallymarriage bed
ausus es ante oculōs adductā paelice nostrōs
Have you dared, by bringing your mistress before my eyes, to disturb our marriage bed so very well-composed? (Ariadne accuses her husband of infidelity.)8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 3.483–484 - figurativelymasculinepoeticusuallymarriage (sometimes any sexual relationship)
- masculineembankment, elevation of earth
- masculinelarge round molding at the base of a column
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
lectus; in torō dormīmus.torus -ī m — in Mille Verba, Domus et Familia
lectustorus -ī (m) — in Epistulae, ch. 13
lectus; mātrimōniumtorus -ī (m) — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 2, 6, 13, 14, 16
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | torus | torī thorī |
| genitive | torī thorī | torōrum thorōrum |
| dative | torō thorō | torīs thorīs |
| accusative | torum thorum | torōs thorōs |
| ablative | torō thorō | torīs thorīs |
| vocative | tore thore | torī thorī |
tŏrus, i, m. (also tŏrum, i, n., Varr. ap. Non. 11, 14; Lact. 6, 23, 15) [for storus; root ster-, stra-, of sterno, stramen; Gr. στορέννυμι, to spread, scatter], prop.,
I. a round, swelling, or bulging place, an elevation, protuberance, prominence; hence,
I. A knot, bulge: (funis) Cato, R. R. 135, 4:
funiculorum, Col. 11, 3, 6; cf.: vitis toris ad arborem religetur, id. 5, 6, 25: firmi vitis, id. Arb. 16, 4.—II. The muscular or fleshy part, the muscle, brawn of animal bodies (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose): o lacertorum tori! Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 22; Ov. M. 2, 854; 9, 82; 12, 402; 14, 283; 15, 230; id. H. 9, 60:
leo gaudet comantes Excutiens cervice toros, Verg. A. 12, 7: luxuriatque toris animosum pectus, id. G. 3, 81; Plin. 18, 7, 18, § 78; Sen. Hippol. 1042; Val. Fl. 4, 245; Tac. Or. 21: venarum tori, varicose dilatations of the veins, Cels. 7, 18 fin. —B. Transf., the bulge, thickness of trees:
utile toros futuri draconis pasci, Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 211; cf.: (asparagus) in toros striatur, id. 19, 8, 42, § 146; App. Flor. p. 363, 31.—III. A raised ornament, a knot, on a garland;
trop., of language: isque (stilus mediocris) uno tenore fluit, aut addit aliquos, ut in coronā, toros omnemque orationem ornamentis modicis verborum sententiarumque distinguit, Cic. Or. 6, 21.— IV. A bolster, cushion, so named from its protuberances; hence, a couch, sofa, bed (mostly poet.;
syn.: stratum, lectus): antiquis torus e stramento erat, qualiter etiam nunc in castris, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 193: viridante toro consederat herbae, Verg. A. 5, 388; cf.: praebuit herba torum, Ov. H. 5, 14; id. M. 8, 655: datque torum caespes, id. ib. 10, 556: gramine vestitis accubuere toris, id. F. 1, 402: silvestrem montana torum cum sterneret uxor Frondibus, Juv. 6, 5: discumbere toris, Ov. M. 8, 565.—So of a sofa: toro sic orsus ab alto, Verg. A. 2, 2; Ov. M. 12, 579.—Of a bed: ambierantque torum, Ov. M. 7, 332: concutiuntque torum de molli fluminis ulvā Impositum lecto, id. ib. 8, 655: ebeno sublimis in atrā, id. ib. 11, 610; Suet. Aug. 73. — Of a corpse-bed, Ov. M. 9, 503; id. F. 6, 668: membra toro defleta reponunt, Verg. A. 6, 220.—Of a bridalbed, Ov. M. 6, 431: (lectica) sive illa toro resupina feretur, Ov. A. A. 1, 487; cf. Becker, Gallus, 2, p. 240 (2d ed.).—B. Transf., like thalamus, as a designation for marriage:
Deucalion ... Cum consorte tori, with his consort, spouse, Ov. M. 1, 319; cf.: socia tori, id. ib. 1, 620; so id. ib. 7, 91; 7, 332; id. F. 3, 511; id. P. 3, 3, 50; id. H. 2, 41: genialis, Tac. A. 15, 37; Val. Max. 2, 6, 14: obscenus, i. e. illicit connection, Ov. Tr. 2, 378; cf. illiciti (with stupra), Sen. Hippol. 97: receptus in torum, Plin. 34, 2, 6, § 12.—Hence, also, for a mistress: torum donare alicui, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 87.— V. An elevation, bank of earth:
riparum, Verg. A. 6, 674; Stat. Th. 4, 819: pulvinorum, Plin. 19, 4, 20, § 60; 22, 22, 34, § 76.— VI. In architecture, a large, round moulding at the base of a column, a torus, Vitr. 3, 3, 8.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
torus ī, m
STER-, a swelling, protuberance, fleshy part, muscle, brawn : o lacertorum tori!: Colla toris exstant, O.: leo Excutiens cervice toros, V.—In a wreath, a raised ornament, prominence : isque (stilus) addit aliquos, ut in coronā, toros.— A stuffed bolster, cushion, couch, sofa, bed : viridante toro consederat herbae, V.: praebuit herba torum, O.: Gramine vestitis accubuere toris, O.: torum sternere Frondibus, Iu.: ebeno sublimis in antro, O.: toro Mortua componar, bier , O.: membra toro defleta reponunt, V.: Eumenides stravere torum, the bridal-bed , O.: consors tori, spouse , O.: Riparumque toros . . . Incolimus, i. e. take the river-banks for beds , V.
Origins
Of uncertain origin. De Vaan proposes a tentative derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *torh₂-os, from *terh₂- (“to cross, go through”). This is formally and semantically solid, though there is little linguistic evidence to support it. An older theory by Leumann derived the word from sternō (“to spread”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, extend”), but the connection between the two Latin words is semantically dubious (one would expect torus to be derived from a verb meaning "to turn" or "to knot" rather than "to spread").
Descendants
- Englishtorus
- Frenchtoron
- Frenchtore
- Italiantoro
- Portuguesetoro
- Spanishtuero
- Spanishtoro
- Asturiantueru
- Galiciantoro