verbfirst conjugation
sulcō
sulcō (present infinitive sulcāre, perfect active sulcāvī, supine sulcātum)
Classical[ˈsʊɫ.koː]Ecclesiastical[ˈsul.ko]
Meaning
- to plough, furrow, turn up
- to carve, cleave
- figurativelyto sail over, traverse, pass through, cross
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ut arātrum secōsulcō -āre — in IVLIANVS III: Persia, ch. 16
findō, ut arātor terramsulcō -āre — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 10
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sulcō | sulcābam | sulcābō | sulcāvī | sulcāveram | sulcāverō sulcārō |
| 2nd sg. | sulcās | sulcābās | sulcābis | sulcāvistī sulcāstī | sulcāverās sulcārās | sulcāveris |
| 3rd sg. | sulcat | sulcābat | sulcābit | sulcāvit | sulcāverat sulcārat | sulcāverit sulcārit |
| 1st pl. | sulcāmus | sulcābāmus | sulcābimus | sulcāvimus | sulcāverāmus | sulcāverimus sulcārimus |
| 2nd pl. | sulcātis | sulcābātis | sulcābitis | sulcāvistis sulcāstis | sulcāverātis sulcārātis | sulcāveritis sulcāritis |
| 3rd pl. | sulcant | sulcābant | sulcābunt | sulcāvērunt sulcāvēre, sulcārunt | sulcāverant sulcārant | sulcāverint sulcārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sulcem | sulcārem | sulcāverim sulcārim | sulcāvissem sulcāssem |
| 2nd sg. | sulcēs | sulcārēs | sulcāverīs | sulcāvissēs sulcāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | sulcet | sulcāret | sulcāverit sulcārit | sulcāvisset sulcāsset |
| 1st pl. | sulcēmus | sulcārēmus | sulcāverīmus sulcārīmus | sulcāvissēmus sulcāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | sulcētis | sulcārētis | sulcāverītis sulcārītis | sulcāvissētis sulcāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | sulcent | sulcārent | sulcāverint sulcārint | sulcāvissent sulcāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sulcor | sulcābar | sulcābor |
| 2nd sg. | sulcāris sulcāre | sulcābāris sulcābāre | sulcāberis sulcābere |
| 3rd sg. | sulcātur | sulcābātur | sulcābitur |
| 1st pl. | sulcāmur | sulcābāmur | sulcābimur |
| 2nd pl. | sulcāminī | sulcābāminī | sulcābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | sulcantur | sulcābantur | sulcābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sulcer | sulcārer |
| 2nd sg. | sulcēris sulcēre | sulcārēris sulcārēre |
| 3rd sg. | sulcētur | sulcārētur |
| 1st pl. | sulcēmur | sulcārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | sulcēminī | sulcārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | sulcentur | sulcārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | sulcā | sulcāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | sulcāte | sulcāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | sulcātō | sulcātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | sulcātō | sulcātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | sulcātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | sulcantō | sulcantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | sulcāre | sulcārī |
| perfect infinitive | sulcāvisse sulcāsse | sulcātum esse |
| future infinitive | sulcātūrum esse | sulcātum īrī |
| present participle | sulcāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | sulcātus sulcāta, sulcātā, sulcātae, sulcātam, sulcātārum, sulcātās, sulcātī, sulcātōrum, sulcātōs |
| future participle | sulcātūrus sulcātūra, sulcātūrā, sulcātūrae, sulcātūram, sulcātūrārum, sulcātūrās, sulcātūre, sulcātūrī, sulcātūrīs, sulcātūrō, sulcātūrōrum, sulcātūrōs, sulcātūrum | sulcandus sulcanda, sulcandā, sulcandae, sulcandam, sulcandārum, sulcandās, sulcande, sulcandīs, sulcandōrum, sulcandōs |
gerundsulcandī, sulcandō, sulcandumsupinesulcātum, sulcātū
sulco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. sulcus,
I. to furrow, cut furrows through, to plough (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.).
I. Lit., in agriculture:
agros, Tib. 2, 3, 85: (rura) sulcata Camilli Vomere, Luc. 1, 168: vomere humum, Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 68: campos vomere, Sil. 9, 191. — Absol.: recto plenoque sulcare, Col. 2, 2, 25.—II. Transf.
(a). Ingen., to furrow, plough; poet., to sail over, traverse, pass through, etc.:
sulcant fossas, quo pluvia aqua delabatur, Varr. R. R. 1, 29, 2: (anguis) harenam Sulcat, Ov. M. 15, 726: iter caudā, Luc. 9, 721: longā sulcant vada salsa carinā, Verg. A. 5, 158: rate undas, Ov. P. 2, 10, 33; id. M. 4, 707: maria arbore, Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 5: regna volatu, Luc. 9, 668: sulcavitque cutem rugis, furrowed her skin with wrinkles, Ov. M. 3, 276: gressus, App. M. 5, p. 167, 22: sulcatis lateribus, i. e. by lashes, Amm. 14, 9, 5.—(b). To elaborate, to work out (cf. exaro), Ven. Fort. Vita Mart.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
sulcō āvī, —, āre
sulcus, to furrow, turn up, plough : vomere humum, O.— To furrow, plough, cross, traverse, mark : (anguis) harenam Sulcat, O.: vada salsa carinā, V.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin sulcō From sulcus (“furrow, ditch, track”) + -ō.
Descendants
- Italiansolcare
- Portuguesesulcar
- Portuguesesurcar
- Portugueseassucar
- Spanishsulcar
- Spanishsurcar
- Galiciansucar
- Galicianasucar
In English words that came into English from sulcō
- sulcatesulcātus