verbirregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund
subsum
subsum (present infinitive subesse, perfect active subfuī, future active participle subfutūrus)
Classical[ˈsʊp.sũː]Ecclesiastical[ˈsub.sum]
Meaning
- intransitivesuppletiveto be under, among or behind
Petimus eciam non haberi pro ingrato, quod premissa non prius fecimus vobis intimari; causa suffuit, quod hujusmodi tribulacio mercatoribus evenit ita repentino, quod vestri presenciam ad hoc non poterant habere commodose.
We pray also that it will not be deemed ungrateful that the aforesent matters have not been intimated by us before; the underlying cause was (lit. the cause underlay) that a trouble of this kind went out so sudden to the merchants that they could not have your presence without inconvenience.1361 November 19, “Lübeck an Reval: theilt die Aug. 1 zu Greifswald von den Seestädten gefassten Beschlüsse mit”, in Hanserecesse, volumes I Die Recesse und andere Akten der Hansetage von 1256–1430, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, published 1870, page 193: - intransitivesuppletiveto be at the bottom
- intransitivesuppletiveto be nearby
In the readers how our graded readers gloss it
be beneath; be near
subsum -esse — in De Bello Gallico III
Conjugation future irregular no supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | subsum | suberam | suberō | subfuī | subfueram | subfuerō |
| 2nd sg. | subes | suberās | suberis subere | subfuistī | subfuerās | subfueris |
| 3rd sg. | subest | suberat | suberit | subfuit | subfuerat | subfuerit |
| 1st pl. | subsumus | suberāmus | suberimus | subfuimus | subfuerāmus | subfuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | subestis | suberātis | suberitis | subfuistis | subfuerātis | subfueritis |
| 3rd pl. | subsunt | suberant | suberunt | subfuērunt subfuēre | subfuerant | subfuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | subsim subsiem, subfuam | subessem subforem | subfuerim | subfuissem |
| 2nd sg. | subsīs subsiēs, subfuās | subessēs subforēs | subfuerīs | subfuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | subsit subsiet, subfuat | subesset subforet | subfuerit | subfuisset |
| 1st pl. | subsīmus subsiēmus, subfuāmus | subessēmus subforēmus | subfuerīmus | subfuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | subsītis subsiētis, subfuātis | subessētis subforētis | subfuerītis | subfuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | subsint subsient, subfuant | subessent subforent | subfuerint | subfuissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | subes | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | subeste | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | subestō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | subestō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | subestōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | subsuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | subesse | — |
| perfect infinitive | subfuisse | — |
| future infinitive | subfutūrum esse subfore | — |
| future participle | subfutūrus | — |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- hiems subest
- winter is at hand.
sub-sum, no
I. perf., esse, v. n., to be under, among, or behind; to be near, close, or at hand (class.):
ubi non subest, quo praecipitet ac decidat, there is nothing underneath, Cic. Rep. 1, 45, 69; Lucr. 3, 873; cf. id. 4, 1082: si quid intra cutem subest ulceris, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3: subucula subest tunicae, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 96: nigra subest lingua palato, Verg. G. 3, 388: suberat Pan ilicis umbrae Tib. 2, 5, 27: cum sol Oceano subest, Hor. C. 4, 5, 40.—B. To be near, to be at hand, of places and persons:
mons suberat, Caes. B. G. 1, 25: montes, id. B. C. 1, 65: vallis, id. ib. 1, 79: planities, Liv. 27, 18: vicina taberna, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 24: templa mari, Ov. M. 11, 359; cf.: regnum Ariobarzanis illi, Sall. Ep. Mithrid. ad Arsac. med.: me subesse propinquis locis, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 2.—2. Transf., of time, to be near or at hand, to approach:
nox jam suberat, was near, Caes. B. C. 3, 97; so, hiems, id. B. G. 3, 27: dies comitiorum, Cic. Mil. 16, 42.—II. Trop., to be underneath, be at the bottom, be or exist under, lie concealed in:
in quā (legatione) periculi suspitio non subesset, Cic. Phil. 9, 2, 4: in quā re nulla subesset suspitio, id. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; and simply suspitio, id. Quint. 21, 66: eadem causa subest, id. Off. 1, 12, 38: causa aliqua, id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; cf.: si his vitiis ratio non subesset, id. N. D. 3, 28, 71: ratio, Auct. Her. 1, 17, 27; Quint. 9, 3, 6: si negabimus temere famam Naxi solere, quin subsit aliquid, Auct. Her. 2, 8, 12: si ulla spes salutis nostrae subesset, Cic. Att. 3, 25: nam illi regi amabili, Cyro, subest ad inmutandi animi licentiam crudelissimus ille Phalaris, id. Rep. 1, 28, 44; Quint. 3, 5, 9: saepe solent auro multa subesse mala, are hid under, exist under, Tib. 1, 9, 18: subest silentio facinus, Curt. 6, 9, 11 et saep.— Poet.: notitiae suberit amica tuae, will be subject to your cognizance, Ov. A. A. 1, 398.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
sub-sum —, esse,
to be under, be behind: ubi non subest, quo praecipitet, no place underneath: subucula subest tunicae, H.: Nigra subest lingua palato, V.: Cum sol Oceano subest, H.—To be near, be at hand, adjoin, be close: montes, Cs.: planities, L.: vicina taberna, H.: Templa mari, O. —Of time, to be near, be at hand, approach, impend: nox iam suberat, Cs.: dies comitiorum.— Fig., to be underneath, lie at the bottom, lurk in, be concealed in, be in reserve: in quā (legatione) periculi suspicio non subesset: si his vitiis ratio non subesset: si ulla spes salutis nostrae subesset: subest silentio facinus, Cu.: Notitiae suberit amica tuae, will be subject to your cognizance, O.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*upó
- Proto-Italic*supo
- Latinsubsum
Latin sub- Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *-t Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Italic *ezom~*som Archaic Latin 𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌 (esom) Old Latin esum Latin sum Latin subsum From sub- + sum.