adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective
spīnōsus
spīnōsus (feminine spīnōsa, neuter spīnōsum)
Classical[spiːˈnoː.sʊs]Ecclesiastical[spiˈnɔː.s̬us]
Meaning
- adjectivethorny, prickly
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
spīnīs plēnusspīnōsus -a -um — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 10
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | spīnōsus | spīnōsa | spīnōsum |
| genitive | spīnōsī | spīnōsae | spīnōsī |
| dative | spīnōsō | spīnōsae | spīnōsō |
| accusative | spīnōsum | spīnōsam | spīnōsum |
| ablative | spīnōsō | spīnōsā | spīnōsō |
| vocative | spīnōse | spīnōsa | spīnōsum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | spīnōsī | spīnōsae | spīnōsa |
| genitive | spīnōsōrum | spīnōsārum | spīnōsōrum |
| dative | spīnōsīs | spīnōsīs | spīnōsīs |
| accusative | spīnōsōs | spīnōsās | spīnōsa |
| ablative | spīnōsīs | spīnōsīs | spīnōsīs |
| vocative | spīnōsī | spīnōsae | spīnōsa |
spīnōsus, a, um, adj. spina,
I. full of thorns or prickles, thorny, prickly.
I. Lit.:
caprae in spinosis locis pascuntur, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 8: herbae, Ov. M. 2, 810: frutecta, Plin. 30, 11, 30, § 101: caulis, id. 19, 3, 17, § 47: folia, id. 20, 23, 99, § 262: cortex, id. 12, 15, 34, § 67: spinosior arbor, id. 24, 12, 67, § 109: fragmenta vertebrae, Cels. 8, 9 fin.—II. Trop., thorny.
1. Of style, harsh, crabbed, obscure, confused, perplexed:
Stoicorum spinosum disserendi genus, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 3: oratio, id. de Or. 1, 18, 83.—Comp.: haec enim spinosiora prius ut confitear me cogunt, Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 16; id. Or. 32, 114; Varr. L. L. 8, § 51 Müll.—Sup.: praeceptorum nodosissimae et spinosissimae disciplinae, Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 37.—2. Of cares, stinging, galling. irritating:
curae, Cat. 64, 72; cf. spina, II.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
spīnōsus adj. with comp.
spina, full of thorns, thorny, prickly, bristling : herbae, O.— Fig., of style, harsh, crabbed, obscure, confused, perplexed : disserendi genus: haec enim spinosiora prius ut confitear me cogunt.—Of cares, galling, irritating : curae, Ct.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *spey-der. Proto-Italic *speinā Latin spīna Latin -ōsus Latin spīnōsus From spīna (“thorn”) + -ōsus.
Insular Romance
- Sardinianispinosu
- Sardinianspinosu
Southern Gallo-Romance
- Catalanespinós
- Occitanespinós
Ibero-Romance
- Portugueseespinhosofrom Old Galician-Portuguese espinhoso
- Spanishespinosofrom Old Spanish espinoso
- Galicianespiñosofrom Old Galician-Portuguese espinhoso
Borrowings
- Englishspinose
- Englishspinous
Balkano-Romance
- Romanianspinos
- Aromanianschinos
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italianspinoso
Northern Gallo-Romance
- Frenchépineuxfrom Old French espinus
- Franco-Provençalèpenox