verbthird (-iō variant) conjugation
speciō
speciō (present infinitive specere, perfect active spexī, supine spectum)
Classical[ˈspɛ.ki.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈspɛː.t͡ʃi.o]
Meaning
- Old Latinrareto observe, watch, look at
Spectare dictum ab antiquo, quo etiam Ennius usus: "Quos Epulo postquam spexit" . . . et quod in auguriis etiam nunc augures dicunt avem specere. Consuetudo comunis quae cum praeverbi<i>s coniunta fuerunt etiam nunc servat, ut aspicio, conspicio, respicio, suspicio, despicio
Spectare derives from an old word, which Ennius also used: "After Epulo saw them" . . . and because even now, in the taking of auguries, some augurs say specere [to watch] a bird. Common custom still preserves compounds joined with preverbs, such as aspicio, conspicio, respicio, suspicio, despicio116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De Lingua Latina 82spicit quoque sine praepositione dixerunt antiqui . . . et spexit. Ennius lib. XVI: quos ubi rex Epulo spexit de cotibus celsis
The ancients also used to say spicit [sees] without a preposition and spexit [saw]. Ennius. Book 19: "When the king Epulo saw them from the high rocks"c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Significatione 446.2–5
Conjugation
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | speciō | speciēbam | speciam | spexī | spexeram | spexerō |
| 2nd sg. | specis | speciēbās | speciēs | spexistī | spexerās | spexeris |
| 3rd sg. | specit | speciēbat | speciet | spexit | spexerat | spexerit |
| 1st pl. | specimus | speciēbāmus | speciēmus | speximus | spexerāmus | spexerimus |
| 2nd pl. | specitis | speciēbātis | speciētis | spexistis | spexerātis | spexeritis |
| 3rd pl. | speciunt | speciēbant | specient | spexērunt spexēre | spexerant | spexerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | speciam | specerem | spexerim | spexissem |
| 2nd sg. | speciās | specerēs | spexerīs | spexissēs |
| 3rd sg. | speciat | speceret | spexerit | spexisset |
| 1st pl. | speciāmus | specerēmus | spexerīmus | spexissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | speciātis | specerētis | spexerītis | spexissētis |
| 3rd pl. | speciant | specerent | spexerint | spexissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | specior | speciēbar | speciar |
| 2nd sg. | speceris specere | speciēbāris speciēbāre | speciēris speciēre |
| 3rd sg. | specitur | speciēbātur | speciētur |
| 1st pl. | specimur | speciēbāmur | speciēmur |
| 2nd pl. | speciminī | speciēbāminī | speciēminī |
| 3rd pl. | speciuntur | speciēbantur | specientur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | speciar | specerer |
| 2nd sg. | speciāris speciāre | specerēris specerēre |
| 3rd sg. | speciātur | specerētur |
| 1st pl. | speciāmur | specerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | speciāminī | specerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | speciantur | specerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | spece | specere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | specite | speciminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | specitō | specitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | specitō | specitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | specitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | speciuntō | speciuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | specere | specī |
| perfect infinitive | spexisse | spectum esse |
| future infinitive | spectūrum esse | spectum īrī |
| present participle | speciēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | spectus specta, spectā, spectae, spectam, spectārum, spectās, specte, spectī, spectīs, spectō, spectōrum, spectōs |
| future participle | spectūrus spectūra, spectūrā, spectūrae, spectūram, spectūrārum, spectūrās, spectūre, spectūrī, spectūrīs, spectūrō, spectūrōrum, spectūrōs, spectūrum | speciendus speciundus, specienda, speciendā, speciendae, speciendam, speciendārum, speciendās, speciende, speciendīs, speciendōrum, speciendōs, speciunda, speciundā, speciundae, speciundam, speciundārum, speciundās, speciunde, speciundī, speciundīs, speciundō, speciundōrum, speciundōs, speciundum |
gerundspeciendī, speciendō, speciendumsupinespectum, spectū
spĕcĭo (spĭcĭo,
I. v. infra), spexi, 3, v. a. Sanscr. spac-, see; Gr. σκέπ-τομαι, σκοπός; Lat.: specto, speculum, etc., to look, look at, behold (ante-class.): quod nos cum praepositione dicimus aspicio apud veteres sine praepositione spicio dicebatur, Fest. s. v. auspicium, p. 2 Müll.: spectare dictum ab specio antiquo, quo etiam Ennius usus: vos epulo postquam spexit, et quod in auspiciis distributum est, qui habent spectionem, qui non habeant;
et quod in auguriis etiam nunc augures dicunt avem specere ... Speculum, quod in eo specimus imaginem, etc., Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll. (Vahl. has restored the verse of Ennius, Ann. 402, in this way: quos ubi rex populos spexit de cantibus celsis; cf. infra, Fest. p. 330 Müll.); cf.: posteaquam avim de templo Anchisa spexit, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 10: spicit quoque sine praepositione dixerunt antiqui. Plautus (Mil. 3, 1, 100): flagitium est, si nihil mittetur, quo supercilio spicit. Et spexit, Ennius, l. VI.: quos ubi rex ... spexit de montibu' celsis, Fest. p. 330 Müll.; cf. Cato ib. s. v. spiciunt, p. 344: nunc specimen specitur, nunc certamen cernitur, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 2; id. Bacch. 3, 2, 15: nisi mihi credis, spece, id. Truc. 5, 8.Origins
Inherited from Proto-Italic *spekjō, from Proto-Indo-European *spéḱyeti. Cognates include Ancient Greek σκέπτομαι (sképtomai), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (spasyeⁱti), and Sanskrit पश्यति (páśyati).