verbfourth conjugation
sōpiō1
sōpiō (present infinitive sōpīre, perfect active sōpīvī or sōpiī, supine sōpītum)
Classical[ˈsoː.pi.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈsɔː.pi.o]
Meaning
- transitiveto deprive of feeling
- transitiveto lull to sleep, put to sleep
- transitiveto render unconscious, knock out
- figurativelytransitiveto kill
- figurativelytransitiveto quiet, calm, soothe
Conjugation conjugation 4
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sōpiō | sōpiēbam | sōpiam | sōpīvī sōpiī | sōpīveram sōpieram | sōpīverō sōpierō |
| 2nd sg. | sōpīs | sōpiēbās | sōpiēs | sōpīvistī sōpiistī | sōpīverās sōpierās | sōpīveris sōpieris |
| 3rd sg. | sōpit | sōpiēbat | sōpiet | sōpīvit sōpiit | sōpīverat sōpierat | sōpīverit sōpierit |
| 1st pl. | sōpīmus | sōpiēbāmus | sōpiēmus | sōpīvimus sōpiimus | sōpīverāmus sōpierāmus | sōpīverimus sōpierimus |
| 2nd pl. | sōpītis | sōpiēbātis | sōpiētis | sōpīvistis sōpiistis | sōpīverātis sōpierātis | sōpīveritis sōpieritis |
| 3rd pl. | sōpiunt | sōpiēbant | sōpient | sōpīvērunt sōpīvēre, sōpiērunt, sōpiēre | sōpīverant sōpierant | sōpīverint sōpierint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sōpiam | sōpīrem | sōpīverim sōpierim | sōpīvissem sōpiissem |
| 2nd sg. | sōpiās | sōpīrēs | sōpīverīs sōpierīs | sōpīvissēs sōpiissēs |
| 3rd sg. | sōpiat | sōpīret | sōpīverit sōpierit | sōpīvisset sōpiisset |
| 1st pl. | sōpiāmus | sōpīrēmus | sōpīverīmus sōpierīmus | sōpīvissēmus sōpiissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | sōpiātis | sōpīrētis | sōpīverītis sōpierītis | sōpīvissētis sōpiissētis |
| 3rd pl. | sōpiant | sōpīrent | sōpīverint sōpierint | sōpīvissent sōpiissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sōpior | sōpiēbar | sōpiar |
| 2nd sg. | sōpīris sōpīre | sōpiēbāris sōpiēbāre | sōpiēris sōpiēre |
| 3rd sg. | sōpītur | sōpiēbātur | sōpiētur |
| 1st pl. | sōpīmur | sōpiēbāmur | sōpiēmur |
| 2nd pl. | sōpīminī | sōpiēbāminī | sōpiēminī |
| 3rd pl. | sōpiuntur | sōpiēbantur | sōpientur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sōpiar | sōpīrer |
| 2nd sg. | sōpiāris sōpiāre | sōpīrēris sōpīrēre |
| 3rd sg. | sōpiātur | sōpīrētur |
| 1st pl. | sōpiāmur | sōpīrēmur |
| 2nd pl. | sōpiāminī | sōpīrēminī |
| 3rd pl. | sōpiantur | sōpīrentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | sōpī | sōpīre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | sōpīte | sōpīminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | sōpītō | sōpītor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | sōpītō | sōpītor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | sōpītōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | sōpiuntō | sōpiuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | sōpīre | sōpīrī |
| perfect infinitive | sōpīvisse sōpiisse | sōpītum esse |
| future infinitive | sōpītūrum esse | sōpītum īrī |
| present participle | sōpiēns sōpiente, sōpientem, sōpientēs, sōpientī, sōpientia, sōpientibus, sōpientis, sōpientīs, sōpientium | — |
| perfect participle | — | sōpītus sōpīta, sōpītā, sōpītae, sōpītam, sōpītārum, sōpītās, sōpītī, sōpītōrum, sōpītōs |
| future participle | sōpītūrus sōpītūra, sōpītūrā, sōpītūrae, sōpītūram, sōpītūrārum, sōpītūrās, sōpītūre, sōpītūrī, sōpītūrīs, sōpītūrō, sōpītūrōrum, sōpītūrōs, sōpītūrum | sōpiendus sōpiundus, sōpienda, sōpiendā, sōpiendae, sōpiendam, sōpiendārum, sōpiendās, sōpiende, sōpiendīs, sōpiendōrum, sōpiendōs |
gerundsōpiendī, sōpiendō, sōpiendumsupinesōpītum, sōpītū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- sopītum esse
- to be sound asleep.
sōpio, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4, v. a. sopor,
I. to deprive of feeling or sense; esp. by sleep, to put or lull to sleep.
I. Lit. (class.; most freq. in part. perf.; in Cic. only so; cf. sedo): impactus ita est saxo, ut sopiretur, became unconscious or senseless, was stunned, Liv. 8, 6; 1, 41; Plin. 9, 16, 25, § 58:
vino oneratos sopire, Liv. 9, 30; 24, 46 fin.; Tib. 3, 4, 19; Ov. M. 7, 149; 7, 213.—In part. perf.: castoreo gravi mulier sopita recumbit, Lucr b, 794; so, sopitum vulnere ac nihil sentientem, Liv. 42, 16: quem vigilantem sic eluseritis, sopitum oportet fallatis, id. 7, 35, 6: delphinus sopitus odoris novitate, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 26: ut sopito corpore ipse (animus) vigilet, Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115; 1, 29, 60: hostes, Liv. 8, 16; 25, 9 (opp. vigiles); 31, 23; Petr. 87, 7; Lucr. 3, 431; 3, 920; Ov. M. 9, 471; 12, 317: sensus, Verg. A. 10, 642; Col. 10, 367: sopitae quietis tempus, of deep or sound sleep, Liv. 9, 37.—B. In the poets, pregn., to lay to rest, i. e. to kill:
aliquem fundā, Sil. 10, 153.—Pass., to be laid to rest, to die: (Homerus) sceptra potitus, eādem aliis sopitu' quiete est, Lucr. 3, 1038; cf. id. ib. 3, 904.—II. Transf., of things concr. and abstr., to lull to sleep, set, or lay at rest; to calm, settle, still, quiet:
venti sopiuntur, Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 129: sopito mari, id. 2, 79, 81, § 192: sopitos suscitat ignes, Verg. A. 5, 743; 8, 410; cf.: aras excitat, id. ib. 8, 542: draconis saevi sopivi impetum, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 252 P. (Trag. v. 314 Vahl.): haec omnia veteris imperatoris maturitas brevi sopiit ac sustulit, Vell. 2, 125, 3.—Part. perf.: quibus (blandimentis) sopita virtus coniveret, lulled to sleep, Cic. Cael. 17, 41: munera militiaï, Lucr. 1, 29: furor armorum ubique, Vell. 2, 89, 3: ingenium pecudis, Col. 6, 37, 2: gloria vitiis, Val. Max. 9, 1, ext. 1: artes, Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 264.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
sōpiō īvī, ītus, īre
SOP-, to deprive of sense, make unconscious, stun, put to sleep, lull : sonitus procellae magnam partem hominum sopivit, L.: herbis draconem, O.: sopito corpore vigilare: Sopitus venis et inexperrectus, O.: sensūs, V.: sopitae quietis tempus, of deep sleep , L.— To make unconscious, stun, stupefy : alios vino oneratos sopiunt, L.: inpactus ita est saxo, ut sopiretur, L.—Fig., to lull, lay at rest, calm, settle, still, quiet, render inactive : sopitos suscitat ignīs, V.: sopita virtus, lulled to sleep .
Origins
From Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to sleep”). However, the specifics of the etymology are disputed: * According to the LIV, from Proto-Indo-European *swṓp-ye-ti, whence also perhaps Old Norse sǿfa (“to kill”). However, according to De Vaan, the existence of such a verbal class in PIE is uncertain. * Nussbaum proposed that the term may have emerged as a denominative to a root noun *swṓp-s, which is itself possibly—according to Nussbaum—the source of the thematic nouns *swépnos (“sleep, slumber”) and *supnós (“sleep”). However, according to Vine, there is no evidence to more directly support the existence of such a root noun and PIE n-stems, including the aforementioned examples, are otherwise attributed to original r/n stems, rather than root nouns. * Alternatively, Vine reconstructs a PIE present of the shape *swṓp-eye-ti, which developed into *swṓp-ije-ti according to a rule whereby unstressed *e prior to *j was reduced to *i. This pre-form would then evolve into the attested present sōpiō.
Descendants
- Englishsopite
- Italiansopire
- Catalanensopirfrom Vulgar Latin *assōpīre
- Frenchassoupirfrom Vulgar Latin *assōpīre
- Italianassopirefrom Vulgar Latin *assōpīre
- Frenchassouvirfrom Vulgar Latin *assōpīre
In English words that came into English from sōpiō
- sopitesopitus
- sopitionsōpītiō