noun · femininethird declension
secūris
secūris f (genitive secūris)
Classical[sɛˈkuː.rɪs]Ecclesiastical[seˈkuː.ris]
Meaning
- an axe, hatchet with a broad edge
Nōn gladium corporibus hostium, sed arborum truncīs secūrim appōnit.
He doesn't hit the foes' bodies with a sword, but tree trunks with his axe.silva vetus stabat nulla violata securi
1916 translation by Frank Justus Miller An ancient forest stood there, scarred by no axe (literally, “An ancient forest never violated by an axe was standing”)8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 3.28
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
ferrum capitis caedendīsecūris -is (f) — in IVLIANVS III: Persia, ch. 8, 24
ferrum, quō arborēs caeduntursecūris -is (f) — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 16
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | secūris | secūrēs |
| genitive | secūris | secūrium |
| dative | secūrī | secūribus |
| accusative | secūrim secūrem | secūrēs secūrīs |
| ablative | secūrī secūre | secūribus |
| vocative | secūris | secūrēs |
sĕcūris, is (acc. securim, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 17; id. Men. 5, 2, 105; Cic. Mur. 24, 48; id. Planc. 29, 70; Verg. A. 2, 224; 11, 656; 696; Ov. M. 8, 397; Liv. 1, 40, 7; 3, 36, 4; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 201; cf. Gell. 13, 21, 6:
I.
securem, Liv. 3, 36, 4; 8, 7, 20; 9, 16, 17; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 123; Varr. ap. Non. p. 79; Val. Max. 1, 3, ext. 3; 3, 2, ext. 1; Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 29; Lact. Mort. Pers. 31, 2; Amm. 30, 8, 5; cf. Prisc. 758; abl. securi, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 25; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7; 2, 1, 5, § 12; 2, 4, 64, § 144; 2, 5, 50, § 133; Verg. A. 6, 824; 7, 510; Cat. 17, 19; Ov. H. 16, 105; Liv. 2, 5, 8 et saep.: secure, App. M. 8, p. 216, 1; Tert. Pud. 16), f. seco, an axe or hatchet with a broad edge (cf. bipennis). I. In gen., as a domestic utensil, Cato, R. R. 10, 3; Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 17; id. Bacch. 5, 1, 31:
rustica, Cat. 19, 3 al.—For felling trees, Cat. 17, 19; Verg. A. 6, 180; Ov. F. 4, 649; id. M. 9, 374; Hor. S. 1, 7, 27; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 188.—For hewing stones in the quarries, Stat. S. 2, 2, 87. —For fighting, a battle-axe, Verg. A. 11, 656; 11, 696; 12, 306; 7, 184; 7, 627; Hor. C. 4, 4, 20 al.: anceps, a two-edged axe, Ov. M. 8, 397 (just before, bipennifer).—For slaying animals for sacrifice, Hor. C. 3, 23, 12; Verg. A. 2, 224; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 5; id. M. 12, 249.—As the cutting edge of a vine-dresser's bill, Col. 4, 25, 4 et saep.—II. In partic.
A. Lit., an executioner's axe, for beheading criminals (borne by the lictors in the fasces;
v. fascis): missi lictores ad sumendum supplicium nudatos virgis caedunt securique feriunt, i. e. behead them, Liv. 2. 5; so, securi ferire, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 75; Hirt. B. G. 8, 38 fin.: percutere, Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Sen. Ira, 2, 5, 5; Flor. 1, 9, 5: strictae in principum colla secures, id. 2, 5, 4: necare, Liv. 10, 9: securibus cervices subicere, Cic. Pis. 34, 83 (cf. infra, B.); Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 22: Publicola statim secures de fascibus demi jussit, id. Rep. 2, 31, 55; cf. Lucr. 3, 996; 5, 1234: nec sumit aut ponit secures Arbitrio popularis aurae, Hor. C. 3, 2, 20: saevumque securi Aspice Torquatum (as having caused his own son to be executed), Verg. A. 6, 824.—Comically, in a double sense, acc. to I.: te, cum securi, caudicali praeficio provinciae, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 25: securis Tenedia, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 11, 2; Front. ad M. Caes. 1, 9 init.; v. Tenedos.—B. Trop.
1. A blow, death-blow, etc.:
graviorem rei publicae infligere securim, to give a death-blow, Cic. Planc. 29, 70; cf.: quam te securim putas injecisse petitioni tuae, cum? etc. (just before: plaga est injecta petitioni tuae), id. Mur. 24, 48.—2. With reference to the axe in the fasces, authority, dominion, sovereignty.
(a). Usu. in plur.: Gallia securibus subjecta, perpetuā premitur servitute, i. e. to Roman supremacy, * Caes. B. G. 7, 77 fin.; cf.:
vacui a securibus et tributis, Tac. A. 12, 34: consulis inperium hic primus saevasque secures Accipiet, Verg. A. 6, 819: Medus Albanas timet secures, i. e. the Roman authority or dominion, Hor. C. S. 54: ostendam multa securibus recidenda, Sen. Ep. 88, 38.—Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
secūris is, acc. im or em, abl. ī, f
2 SAC-, an axe, hatchet, cleaver : icta securibus ilex, V.: fertur quo rara securis, i. e. in the wild forest , H.: securi Dextras obarmare, H.: Anceps, two-edged , O.: Victima pontificum securīs Cervice tinget, H.— An executioner's axe (borne by the lictors in the fasces): nudatos securi feriunt, i. e. behead , L.: quos securi percussit, beheaded : Virtus . . . Nec sumit aut ponit securīs Arbitrio popularis aurae, i. e. its honors and power , H.—Fig., a blow, death-blow : graviorem rei p. infligere securim.— Authority, dominion, sovereignty : Germania Colla Romanae praebens securi, O.—Usu. plur: Gallia securibus subiecta, i. e. to Roman supremacy , Cs.: saevas securīs accipere, V.: Medus Albanas timet securīs, i. e. Roman supremacy , H.
Origins
Related to secō (“cut”) and Proto-Slavic *sekyra (“axe”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”). Compare also how in spite of the continuation of secūris in Spanish as segur one keeps from the verb a segadera with a similar meaning. See also English sickle.
Insular Romance
- Sardiniansegura
- Sardiniansegure
- Sardinianseguri
- Sardiniansigura
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesesegure
- Portuguesesegura
- Portuguesesecure
- Spanishsegur
- Galiciansegur
Balkano-Romance
- Romaniansecure
- Aromaniansecure
- Istro-Romaniansecure
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italianscure
- Dalmatiansčor
- Venetansigureto
Rhaeto-Romance
- Romanshsigir
- Romanshsiir
- Romanshsagir
- Romanshsieir
- Romanshsgür
Gallo-Italic
- Lombardsagür
- Lombardsegù
- Piedmontesesiul
Borrowings
- Greekτσεκούριfrom Byzantine Greek τσεκούριον
- Classical Syriacܣܝܺܩܰܘܪܴܐfrom Byzantine Greek τσεκούριον
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaicסִיקוּרְיָא , סִיקוּרָאfrom Byzantine Greek τσεκούριον
- Yemeni Arabicصَاقُورfrom Byzantine Greek τσεκούριον