verbfirst conjugation
repugnō
repugnō (present infinitive repugnāre, perfect active repugnāvī, supine repugnātum)
Classical[rɛˈpʊŋ.noː]Ecclesiastical[reˈpuɲ.ɲo]
Meaning
- to fight against
- to oppose
- to resist or defend oneself
- to struggle (often with an "against oneself" implied)
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
contrā pugnōrepugnō -āre — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 14
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | repugnō | repugnābam | repugnābō | repugnāvī | repugnāveram | repugnāverō repugnārō |
| 2nd sg. | repugnās | repugnābās | repugnābis | repugnāvistī repugnāstī | repugnāverās repugnārās | repugnāveris |
| 3rd sg. | repugnat | repugnābat | repugnābit | repugnāvit | repugnāverat repugnārat | repugnāverit repugnārit |
| 1st pl. | repugnāmus | repugnābāmus | repugnābimus | repugnāvimus | repugnāverāmus | repugnāverimus repugnārimus |
| 2nd pl. | repugnātis | repugnābātis | repugnābitis | repugnāvistis repugnāstis | repugnāverātis repugnārātis | repugnāveritis repugnāritis |
| 3rd pl. | repugnant | repugnābant | repugnābunt | repugnāvērunt repugnāvēre, repugnārunt | repugnāverant repugnārant | repugnāverint repugnārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | repugnem | repugnārem | repugnāverim repugnārim | repugnāvissem repugnāssem |
| 2nd sg. | repugnēs | repugnārēs | repugnāverīs | repugnāvissēs repugnāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | repugnet | repugnāret | repugnāverit repugnārit | repugnāvisset repugnāsset |
| 1st pl. | repugnēmus | repugnārēmus | repugnāverīmus repugnārīmus | repugnāvissēmus repugnāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | repugnētis | repugnārētis | repugnāverītis repugnārītis | repugnāvissētis repugnāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | repugnent | repugnārent | repugnāverint repugnārint | repugnāvissent repugnāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | repugnor | repugnābar | repugnābor |
| 2nd sg. | repugnāris repugnāre | repugnābāris repugnābāre | repugnāberis repugnābere |
| 3rd sg. | repugnātur | repugnābātur | repugnābitur |
| 1st pl. | repugnāmur | repugnābāmur | repugnābimur |
| 2nd pl. | repugnāminī | repugnābāminī | repugnābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | repugnantur | repugnābantur | repugnābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | repugner | repugnārer |
| 2nd sg. | repugnēris repugnēre | repugnārēris repugnārēre |
| 3rd sg. | repugnētur | repugnārētur |
| 1st pl. | repugnēmur | repugnārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | repugnēminī | repugnārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | repugnentur | repugnārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | repugnā | repugnāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | repugnāte | repugnāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | repugnātō | repugnātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | repugnātō | repugnātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | repugnātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | repugnantō | repugnantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | repugnāre | repugnārī |
| perfect infinitive | repugnāvisse repugnāsse | repugnātum esse |
| future infinitive | repugnātūrum esse | repugnātum īrī |
| present participle | repugnāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | repugnātus repugnāta, repugnātā, repugnātae, repugnātam, repugnātārum, repugnātās, repugnātī, repugnātōrum, repugnātōs |
| future participle | repugnātūrus repugnātūra, repugnātūrā, repugnātūrae, repugnātūram, repugnātūrārum, repugnātūrās, repugnātūre, repugnātūrī, repugnātūrīs, repugnātūrō, repugnātūrōrum, repugnātūrōs, repugnātūrum | repugnandus repugnanda, repugnandā, repugnandae, repugnandam, repugnandārum, repugnandās, repugnande, repugnandīs, repugnandōrum, repugnandōs |
gerundrepugnandī, repugnandō, repugnandumsupinerepugnātum, repugnātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- non repugno
- I have nothing to say against it.
- rationi repugnare
- to be contrary to all reason.
- inter se pugnare or repugnare
- to be mutually contradictory.
- secum pugnare (without sibi); sibi repugnare (of things)
- to contradict oneself, be inconsistent.
- adversante et repugnante natura or invitā Minervā (ut aiunt) aliquid facere (Off. 1. 31. 110)
- to do a thing which is not one's vocation, which goes against the grain.
rĕ-pugno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n.,
I. to fight against, oppose; to make resistance, resist, defend one's self (class.; syn.: adversor, resisto, renitor).
I. Lit.:
nostri primo integris viribus fortiter repugnare, Caes. B. G. 3, 4; so in milit. lang.: repugnantes noctem diemque obsident, id. ib. 7, 42; id. B. C. 3, 67 fin.; cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 91; Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, §§ 1 and 3: in repugnando telis obruta est, Liv. 29, 33; Verg. A. 11, 749: oppidanis non repugnantibus, Just. 12, 7, 8.—II. Transf., in gen., to resist, make resistance; to oppose, contend against.
(a). Absol.:
catuli pantherarum unguibus ac pedibus morsuque repugnant, Lucr. 5, 1037; cf.: de praedā (volucres), id. 5, 1082: Catone acerrime repugnante, Caes. B. C. 1, 32: consules neque concedebant neque valde repugnabant, Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Ac. 2, 13, 41: haec bene dicuntur, nec ego repugno, id. Fin. 2, 28, 90: adversante et repugnante naturā, id. Off. 1, 31, 110; so (with adversari) id. ib. 3, 19, 78; id. de Or. 2, 44, 187; with resistere, Hirt. B. G. 8, 22 fin.: nec ego repugno: sed inter sese ipsa pugnant, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 90.—(b). With dat.:
ego omnibus meis opibus ... repugnarim et restiterim crudelitati, Cic. Rab. Perd. 5, 15: fortunae (with obsistere), id. Fin. 4, 7, 17: fratri tuo (preceded by resistere fratri tuo), id. Fam. 5, 2, 10: his perturbationibus, id. Tusc. 3, 11, 25: dictis, Ov. M. 2, 103: amori, id. ib. 10, 319: patronis, Quint. 6, 1, 38: historiae cuidam tamquam vanae, id. 1, 8, 20: cui in ullā re, Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 12; cf.: tibi in hoc uno, id. ib. 7, 14, 2: alicujus voluntati, id. ib. 8, 6, 10: precibus, Sen. Med. 294: his omnibus rebus unum repugnabat, quod, etc., one consideration opposed itself, Caes. B. G. 1, 19.— (g). Other constructions:
resistere et repugnare contra veritatem non audet, Cic. Rosc. Com. 17, 51: circa quae si is, qui instituetur, non repugnaverit, etc., i. e. shows himself not indocile, Quint. 8 prooem. § 8.—Poet., with ne: si quis, ne fias nostra, repugnat, Ov. H. 20, 121; Col. 7, 10, 7 (al. ut).—With obj.-clause: mulier prohibet se concipere atque repugnat, and opposes it, Lucr. 4, 1269; 1088: amare repugno Illum, quem fieri vix puto posse meum, Ov. H. 17, 137; cf. once in pass.: et a vobis diversitas defendenda est, sicuti et a nobis repugnanda, to be opposed, Tert. adv. Marc. 3, 16 fin.—B. In partic.
1. To oppose with words, advise against, object:
cum id censuisset Cassius, Brutus repugnaverat, Vell. 2, 58, 2.—2. To hinder, be in the way:
sed syllaba contumax repugnas, Mart. 9, 11, 12: repugnat invidia furiosa, Vop. Prob. 22.—3. To oppose from natural incongruity, i. e. to disagree with, be contrary to; of several things compared together, to be contradictory, inconsistent, incompatible, repugnant (so mostly only in Cic.):
quidquid antecedit quamque rem, id cohaeret cum re necessario: et quicquid repugnat id ejusmodi est, ut cohaerere numquam possit, Cic. Top. 12, 53: simulatio amicitiae repugnat maxime, id. Lael. 25, 92: sed haec inter se quam repugnent, plerique non vident, id. Tusc. 3, 29, 72; so, inter se, id. N. D. 1, 12, 30; Quint. 1, 5, 65: repugnat recte accipere et invitum reddere, Cic. Top. 4, 21; cf.: nam illud vehementer repugnat, eundem et beatum esse et multis malis oppressum. Haec quomodo conveniant, non sane intellego, id. Fin. 5, 26, 77: sensus moresque repugnant, Hor. S. 1, 3, 97.— Hence, rĕpugnans, antis, P. a. (acc. to II. B.), contrary, opposed, repugnant; comp.: quo quid repugnantius dici possit, non video, Lact. Ira Dei, 9.— As subst.: rĕpugnantĭa, ĭum, n.; in rhet., contradictions (syn. contraria): locus ex repugnantibus, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 170; id. Top. 4, 19; 12, 53; Quint. 5, 8, 5; 5, 10, 2; 5, 11, 31; 6, 3, 66.—Adv.: rĕpugnanter (acc. to repugno, II. A.), unwillingly, with repugnance (very rare): aliquid patienter accipere, non repugnanter, Cic. Lael. 25, 91; Amm. 20, 8, 4.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
re-pūgnō āvī, ātus, āre,
to fight back, oppose, make resistance, resist, struggle, defend oneself: integris viribus fortiter, Cs.: in repugnando telis obruta est, L.: ille repugnans Sustinet a iugulo dextram, V.—To resist, make resistance, oppose, make opposition, object, dissuade, contend against: quod ego multis repugnantibus egi, against the opposition of many: Catone acerrime repugnante, Cs.: valde: nec ego repugno: omnibus meis opibus repugnarim et restiterim crudelitati: dictis, O.: his omnibus rebus unum repugnabat, quod, etc., there was one objection, Cs.: si quis, ne fias nostra, repugnat, O.: amare repugno Illum, quem, etc., I shrink from loving, O.—Fig., to disagree, be contrary, be contradictory, be inconsistent, be incompatible: simulatio amicitiae repugnat maxime: haec inter se quam repugnent: sensūs moresque repugnant, H.
Origins
- Proto-Italic*wre-
- Latinrepugnō
Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-der. Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos Proto-Italic *pugnos Latin pugnus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin pugno Latin repugnō From re- (“against”) + pugno (“fight”).
Descendants
- Catalanrepugnar
- Englishrepugn
- Englishrepugnate
- Frenchrépugner
- Italianripugnare
- Portugueserepugnar
- Romanianrepugna
- Spanishrepugnar
In English words that came into English from repugnō
- repugnantrepugnans
- repugnrepugnō