verbthird conjugation
refringō
refringō (present infinitive refringere, perfect active refrēgī, supine refrāctum)
Classical[rɛˈfrɪŋ.ɡoː]Ecclesiastical[reˈfriŋ.ɡo]
Meaning
- to break up or open
- to refract
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | refringō | refringēbam | refringam | refrēgī | refrēgeram | refrēgerō |
| 2nd sg. | refringis | refringēbās | refringēs | refrēgistī | refrēgerās | refrēgeris |
| 3rd sg. | refringit | refringēbat | refringet | refrēgit | refrēgerat | refrēgerit |
| 1st pl. | refringimus | refringēbāmus | refringēmus | refrēgimus | refrēgerāmus | refrēgerimus |
| 2nd pl. | refringitis | refringēbātis | refringētis | refrēgistis | refrēgerātis | refrēgeritis |
| 3rd pl. | refringunt | refringēbant | refringent | refrēgērunt refrēgēre | refrēgerant | refrēgerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | refringam | refringerem | refrēgerim | refrēgissem |
| 2nd sg. | refringās | refringerēs | refrēgerīs | refrēgissēs |
| 3rd sg. | refringat | refringeret | refrēgerit | refrēgisset |
| 1st pl. | refringāmus | refringerēmus | refrēgerīmus | refrēgissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | refringātis | refringerētis | refrēgerītis | refrēgissētis |
| 3rd pl. | refringant | refringerent | refrēgerint | refrēgissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | refringor | refringēbar | refringar |
| 2nd sg. | refringeris refringere | refringēbāris refringēbāre | refringēris refringēre |
| 3rd sg. | refringitur | refringēbātur | refringētur |
| 1st pl. | refringimur | refringēbāmur | refringēmur |
| 2nd pl. | refringiminī | refringēbāminī | refringēminī |
| 3rd pl. | refringuntur | refringēbantur | refringentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | refringar | refringerer |
| 2nd sg. | refringāris refringāre | refringerēris refringerēre |
| 3rd sg. | refringātur | refringerētur |
| 1st pl. | refringāmur | refringerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | refringāminī | refringerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | refringantur | refringerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | refringe | refringere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | refringite | refringiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | refringitō | refringitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | refringitō | refringitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | refringitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | refringuntō | refringuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | refringere | refringī |
| perfect infinitive | refrēgisse | refrāctum esse |
| future infinitive | refrāctūrum esse | refrāctum īrī |
| present participle | refringēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | refrāctus refrācta, refrāctā, refrāctae, refrāctam, refrāctārum, refrāctās, refrācte, refrāctī, refrāctīs, refrāctō, refrāctōrum, refrāctōs |
| future participle | refrāctūrus refrāctūra, refrāctūrā, refrāctūrae, refrāctūram, refrāctūrārum, refrāctūrās, refrāctūre, refrāctūrī, refrāctūrīs, refrāctūrō, refrāctūrōrum, refrāctūrōs, refrāctūrum | refringendus refringundus, refringenda, refringendā, refringendae, refringendam, refringendārum, refringendās, refringende, refringendīs, refringendōrum, refringendōs |
gerundrefringendī, refringendō, refringendumsupinerefrāctum, refrāctū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- portas refringere
- to break down the gates.
- dominationem or dominatum refringere
- to destroy a despotism, tyranny.
rē^-fringo, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. frango,
I. to break up, break open (class.; syn.: perfringo, dissicio).
I. Lit.:
cellas, Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 10: postes portasque, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 622, and ap. Hor. S. 1, 4, 61 (Ann. v. 271 Vahl.); Caes. B. G. 2, 33; Liv. 10, 43; 24, 30; 25, 9 et saep. al.: januam, Tac. A. 14, 8: palatii fores, id. H. 1, 35: claustra, Cic. Mur. 8, 17; Val. Fl. 1, 595: carcerem, Liv. 34, 44 fin.: glaebam et revolvere in pulverem, Col. 11, 2, 60: totas refringere vestes, to tear open, Ov. M. 9, 208: radium solis refringi, is refracted, Plin. 2, 59, 60, § 150.—B. In gen., to break, break in pieces, break off (poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
quae demersa liquore obeunt, refracta videntur Omnia convorti sursumque supina revorti, Lucr. 4, 440: refringit virgulta pede vago, Cat. 63, 86: ramum, to break off, * Verg. A. 6, 210; so, mucronem, Plin. 8, 15, 17, § 41; cf. aculeos, Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 3: silvas (Hyleus), Stat. Th. 4, 139. — II. Trop., to break, break in pieces, check, weaken, destroy, etc.:
vim fluminis, Caes. B. G. 7, 56; cf. Liv. 5, 37: impotentem dominationem, Nep. Lys. 1, 4; cf.: Teutonicas opes, Frop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 44: nec Priami domus Achivos refringit, Hor. C. 3, 3, 28: ingeniorum impetus, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 7: claustra pudoris et reverentiae, id. ib. 2, 14, 4: verba, to mutilate or mangle speech, like children, Stat. S. 2, 1, 123.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
refringō frēgī, frāctus, ere
re-+frango, to break up, break open : portas, Cs.: claustra: carcerem, L.: totas refringere vestīs, tear off , O.: (ramum) cunctantem, break off , V.—Fig., to break, break down, check, destroy : vim fluminis, Cs.: ubi (fortuna) vim suam refringi non volt, L.: impotentem dominationem, N.: Archivos, H.
Origins
- Proto-Italic*wre-
- Latinrefringō
Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Latin frangō Latin refringō From re- + frangō.
Borrowings
- Catalanrefringir
- Englishrefringe
- Spanishrefringir