adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective
prōnus
prōnus (feminine prōna, neuter prōnum, comparative prōnior, superlative prōnissimus, adverb prōnē)
Classical[ˈproː.nʊs]Ecclesiastical[ˈprɔː.nus]
Meaning
- adjectiveturned forward, inclined, leaning, hanging
- adjectivebent over, bending, stooping
- adjectiveprone, face down
- adjectivepoeticusuallysetting, declining
- adjectivepost Augustanlying, looking towards, facing
- adjectivebroadlydisposed, inclined, prone
- adjectivebroadlyinclined to favor, favorable (to)
- adjectivebroadlyeasy
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
in terram versus, nōn ērēctusprōnus -a -um — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 1
leaning forward
prōnus -a -um — in De Bello Gallico II
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Pronus · Proclivis · Propensus
Pronus (from πρών, πρηνής,) in its moral meaning denotes inclination in general; proclivis, oftener the inclination to something good; propensus, to something bad. (vi. 287.)
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | prōnus | prōna | prōnum |
| genitive | prōnī | prōnae | prōnī |
| dative | prōnō | prōnae | prōnō |
| accusative | prōnum | prōnam | prōnum |
| ablative | prōnō | prōnā | prōnō |
| vocative | prōne | prōna | prōnum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | prōnī | prōnae | prōna |
| genitive | prōnōrum | prōnārum | prōnōrum |
| dative | prōnīs | prōnīs | prōnīs |
| accusative | prōnōs | prōnās | prōna |
| ablative | prōnīs | prōnīs | prōnīs |
| vocative | prōnī | prōnae | prōna |
prōnus, a, um (archaic form of
I. fem. pronis, Varr. ap. Non. 494 fin.), adj. [like Gr. πρᾶνής = πρηνής, from root pra-, πρό; cf. prae).
I. Lit., turned forward, bent or inclined, leaning or hanging forward, stooping, bending down (class.; opp. supinus; cf. cernuus).
1. Of living beings:
puerum imponere equo pronum in ventrem, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 13: pronus pendens in verbera, leaning forward to strike, Verg. A. 10, 586: ipsum Pronum sterne solo, id. ib. 11, 485: pronus magister Volvitur in caput, id. ib. 1, 115: pecora, quae natura prona finxit, Sall. C. 1, 1; Ov. M. 8, 379.—Poet., of those running swiftly, Ov. M. 10, 652: leporem pronum catulo sectare sagaci, flying swiftly, id. R. Am. 201.—2. Of things, bending forward or downward, going or inclined downward:
ilex paulum modo prona, dein flexa, Sall. J. 93, 4: prona ac fastigiata tigna, Caes. B. G. 4, 17: pronae atque vergentes ampullae, Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 6: demissus inde pronusque pulvinus, id. ib. 5, 6, 16: (urbs) prona in paludes, sinking down, Liv. 4, 59: crateres, overturned, Stat. Th. 5, 255: motus corporis, Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120: cubitus, Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 54: prona via, steep, Ov. M. 2, 67: amnis, Verg. G. 1, 203: rivi, Hor. C. 1, 29, 11: currus, Ov. M. 5, 424. —Absol.: nihil habent proni et supera semper petunt, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42: per pronum ire, downwards, Sen. Ep. 123, 14: per prona voluti, Sil. 15, 235.—B. In partic.
1. Of the heavenly bodies, of time, etc., setting, sinking, declining (poet.):
pronus Orion, Hor. C. 3, 27, 18: sidera, Prop. 1, 16, 23: Titan, Ov. M. 11, 257: dies, Stat. Th. 2, 41: menses (=celeriter praetereuntes), Hor. C. 4, 6, 39: anni, id. A. P. 60.—2. Of localities, turned, looking, or lying towards (postAug.).
(a). With dat.:
loca Aquiloni prona, Col. 3, 2, 6: aedificii solum pronius orienti, situated more to the east, id. 1, 5, 8.— (b). With ad:
campo patente et ad solem prono, Col. 2, 9, 3.—II. Trop., inclined, disposed, prone to any thing (class.); usu. constr. with ad, in aliquid, or dat.; poet. also with gen.
A. In gen.
(a). With ad:
rei publicae genus inclinatum et quasi pronum ad perniciosissimum statum, Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 47: anxitudo prona ad luctum, id. ib. 2, 41, 68 (from Non. 72, 31): boves ad domandum proni, Varr. R. R. 1, 2: pronus ad omne nefas, Luc. 6, 147: pronus ad cujusque necem, Suet. Vit. 14: ad poëticam, id. Ner. 50: ad simultates, Plin. Pan. 84.—Sup.: ad indulgentias pronissimus, Capit. Anton. 10, 8.—(b). With in and acc.:
in obsequium plus aequo pronus, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10: in libidines, Suet. Caes. 50: saeculum in omnia mala, Flor. 4, 12.—Prov.: prona est timori semper in pejus fides, Sen. Herc. Fur. 316. —(g). With dat.:
pronus deterioribus, Tac. Agr. 41 fin.—Comp.: aures offensioni proniores, Tac. A. 4, 29 fin.—(d). With gen. (poet.):
ruendi In ferrum mens prona viris, Luc. 1, 461.—Comp.: unus audendi pronior, Claud. Ruf. 2, 400.—B. In partic.
1. Inclined to favor, favorable to any thing (post-Aug.).
(a). With dat.:
si modo prona bonis invicti Caesaris assint Numina, Stat. S. 4, 8, 61.—Comp.: cohors Cn. Dolabellae pronior, Suet. Galb. 12.—(b). With in and acc.:
prona in eum aula Neronis, Tac. H. 1, 13.—Comp.: ut quis misericordiā in Germanicum pronior, Tac. A. 2, 73: in verum nepotem, Suet. Cat. 19.—(g). Absol.:
prona sententia, Val. Fl. 8, 340: pronis auribus accipere aliquid, Tac. H. 1, 1; Luc. 5, 501.— Comp.: quos pronior fortuna comitatur, Vell. 2, 69, 6.—2. Easy, without difficulty (mostly post - Aug.):
omnia virtuti suae prona esse, Sall. J. 114, 2: omnia prona victoribus, Tac. Agr. 33: pronum ad honores iter, Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3: via ad regnum, Just. 1, 5, 9: pronum est, it is easy: agere memoratu digna pronum erat, Tac. Agr. 1: invitos praebere deos, Luc. 6, 606: facile et pronum est agere, Juv. 9, 43.—Comp.: id pronius ad fidem est, is easier to believe, Liv. 21, 28.—Hence, adv.: prōnē, downwards, pronely (post-class.). A. Lit., Paul. Petr. Vit. S. Mart. 4, 546.—
B. Trop., readily, willingly; comp. pronius, Amm. 30, 8, 10.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
prōnus adj. with comp.
PRO-, turned forward, bent over, inclined, leaning, hanging, stooping, bending : pecora, quae natura prona finxit, S.: pronus pendens in verbera, leaning forward to strike , V.: pronus magister Volvitur in caput, V.: carcere emicat, i. e. in swift flight , O.: leporem pronum catulo sectare sagaci, flying swiftly , O.: ilex paulum modo prona, dein flexa, S.: motus corporis.—As subst n. : montium prona, slopes , Cu.: amnis, rushing , V.: rivi, tumbling , H.: currus, headlong , O.— Sinking, reaching down : urbs in paludes, L.: via, steep , O.—As subst n. : nihil habent proni, no downward tendency .—Of heavenly bodies, setting, sinking, declining : Orion, H.: Titan, O.—Of time, hurrying, fleet : menses, H.: anni, H.—Fig., inclined, disposed, prone : rei p. genus ad perniciosissimum statum: anxitudo ad luctum: in obsequium, H.: pronior in vitia sua, L.: deterioribus, Ta.— Easy, without difficulty : omnia virtuti suae prona esse, S.: omnia victoribus, Ta.: facile et pronum est agere, Iu.: id pronius ad fidem est, is easier to believe , L.
Origins
From adverbial form of prō (“forward”). Compare Ancient Greek πρᾱνής (prānḗs)/ πρηνής (prēnḗs).
Descendants
- Catalanpron
- Englishprone
- Italianprono
- Portugueseprono
- Spanishprono