verbsecond conjugation, no perfect or supine stems
pō̆rceō
pō̆rceō (present infinitive pō̆rcēre)
Classical[ˈpoːr.ke.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈpɔr.t͡ʃe.o]
Meaning
- archaicto keep or ward off or back, hinder, restrain
porcae appellantur rārī sulcī, quī dūcuntur aquae dērīvandae grātiā, dictī quod pō̆rcent, id est prohibent aquam frūmentīs nocēre.
c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De verborum significatione 218.(This folk-etymology might yield evidence for short pǒrcēre)nōn tē porrō prōcēdere pō̆rcent.
c. 165 BCE – 103 BCE, Gaius Lucilius, Saturae apud Nonium Marcellum 160.9
Conjugation conjugation 2 perfect
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pō̆rceō | pō̆rcēbam | pō̆rcēbō | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | pō̆rcēs | pō̆rcēbās | pō̆rcēbis | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | pō̆rcet | pō̆rcēbat | pō̆rcēbit | — | — | — |
| 1st pl. | pō̆rcēmus | pō̆rcēbāmus | pō̆rcēbimus | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | pō̆rcētis | pō̆rcēbātis | pō̆rcēbitis | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | pō̆rcent | pō̆rcēbant | pō̆rcēbunt | — | — | — |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pō̆rceam | pō̆rcērem | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | pō̆rceās | pō̆rcērēs | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | pō̆rceat | pō̆rcēret | — | — |
| 1st pl. | pō̆rceāmus | pō̆rcērēmus | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | pō̆rceātis | pō̆rcērētis | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | pō̆rceant | pō̆rcērent | — | — |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pō̆rceor | pō̆rcēbar | pō̆rcēbor |
| 2nd sg. | pō̆rcēris pō̆rcēre | pō̆rcēbāris pō̆rcēbāre | pō̆rcēberis pō̆rcēbere |
| 3rd sg. | pō̆rcētur | pō̆rcēbātur | pō̆rcēbitur |
| 1st pl. | pō̆rcēmur | pō̆rcēbāmur | pō̆rcēbimur |
| 2nd pl. | pō̆rcēminī | pō̆rcēbāminī | pō̆rcēbiminī |
| 3rd pl. | pō̆rcentur | pō̆rcēbantur | pō̆rcēbuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pō̆rcear | pō̆rcērer |
| 2nd sg. | pō̆rceāris pō̆rceāre | pō̆rcērēris pō̆rcērēre |
| 3rd sg. | pō̆rceātur | pō̆rcērētur |
| 1st pl. | pō̆rceāmur | pō̆rcērēmur |
| 2nd pl. | pō̆rceāminī | pō̆rcērēminī |
| 3rd pl. | pō̆rceantur | pō̆rcērentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | pō̆rcē | pō̆rcēre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | pō̆rcēte | pō̆rcēminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | pō̆rcētō | pō̆rcētor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | pō̆rcētō | pō̆rcētor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | pō̆rcētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | pō̆rcentō | pō̆rcentor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | pō̆rcēre | pō̆rcērī |
| present participle | pō̆rcēns | — |
| future participle | — | pō̆rcendus |
gerundpō̆rcendī, pō̆rcendō, pō̆rcendum
porceo (PORXI, acc. to Charis. p. 217 P., without any example). 2, v. a. porro-arceo,
I. to keep off, keep back, to hinder, restrain (ante-class.): porcet quoque dictum ab antiquis quasi porro arcet, Paul. ex Fest. p. 15 Müll.:
porcet significat prohibet, Non. 159, 33: non te porro procedere porcent, Lucil. ap. Non. 160, 9: civium porcet pudor, Enn. ap. ib. 160, 6 (Trag. v. 369 Vahl.); Varr. ap. ib. 160, 8; Pac. and Att. ap. ib. 160, 2 and 5.Origins
Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Indo-European *h₂orkéyeti Proto-Italic *arkeō Latin arceō Latin pō̆rceō By surface analysis, po- + arceō. However, there is an exact parallel in Proto-Germanic *fargijaną (“to push down”), perhaps hinting at a Proto-Indo-European form of the shape *h₂po-h₂orkéyeti.