verbthird conjugation
polluō
polluō (present infinitive polluere, perfect active polluī, supine pollūtum)
Classical[ˈpɔl.lu.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈpɔl.lu.o]
Meaning
- to soil, defile, pollute, stain, foul
- figurativelyto contaminate, violate, dishonor, desecrate, pollute, defile
In the readers how our graded readers gloss it
defile
polluō -ere — in De Bello Gallico III
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Contaminare · Inquinare · Polluere
Contaminare (from contingo, contagio) means defilement in its pernicious effect, as the corruption of what is sound and useful; inquinare (from cunire, or from πίνος), in its loathsome effect, as marring what is beautiful, like μορύσσειν; polluere (from pullus, πελλός), in its moral effect, as the desecration of what is holy and pure, like μιαίνειν. Cic. Cæcil. 21, 70. Judiciis corruptis et contaminatis; compare with Cœl. 6. Libidinibus inquinari; and Rosc. Am. 26, 71. Noluerunt in mare deferri, ne ipsum pollueret, quo cætera quæ violata sunt, expiari putantur. (ii. 56.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | polluō | polluēbam | polluam | polluī | pollueram | polluerō |
| 2nd sg. | polluis | polluēbās | polluēs | polluistī | polluerās | pollueris |
| 3rd sg. | polluit | polluēbat | polluet | polluit | polluerat | polluerit |
| 1st pl. | polluimus | polluēbāmus | polluēmus | polluimus | polluerāmus | polluerimus |
| 2nd pl. | polluitis | polluēbātis | polluētis | polluistis | polluerātis | pollueritis |
| 3rd pl. | polluunt | polluēbant | polluent | polluērunt polluēre | polluerant | polluerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | polluam | polluerem | polluerim | polluissem |
| 2nd sg. | polluās | polluerēs | polluerīs | polluissēs |
| 3rd sg. | polluat | pollueret | polluerit | polluisset |
| 1st pl. | polluāmus | polluerēmus | polluerīmus | polluissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | polluātis | polluerētis | polluerītis | polluissētis |
| 3rd pl. | polluant | polluerent | polluerint | polluissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | polluor | polluēbar | polluar |
| 2nd sg. | pollueris polluere | polluēbāris polluēbāre | polluēris polluēre |
| 3rd sg. | polluitur | polluēbātur | polluētur |
| 1st pl. | polluimur | polluēbāmur | polluēmur |
| 2nd pl. | polluiminī | polluēbāminī | polluēminī |
| 3rd pl. | polluuntur | polluēbantur | polluentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | polluar | polluerer |
| 2nd sg. | polluāris polluāre | polluerēris polluerēre |
| 3rd sg. | polluātur | polluerētur |
| 1st pl. | polluāmur | polluerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | polluāminī | polluerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | polluantur | polluerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | pollue | polluere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | polluite | polluiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | polluitō | polluitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | polluitō | polluitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | polluitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | polluuntō | polluuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | polluere | polluī |
| perfect infinitive | polluisse | pollūtum esse |
| future infinitive | pollūtūrum esse | pollūtum īrī |
| present participle | polluēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | pollūtus pollūta, pollūtā, pollūtae, pollūtam, pollūtārum, pollūtās, pollūte, pollūtī, pollūtīs, pollūtō, pollūtōrum, pollūtōs |
| future participle | pollūtūrus pollūtūra, pollūtūrā, pollūtūrae, pollūtūram, pollūtūrārum, pollūtūrās, pollūtūre, pollūtūrī, pollūtūrīs, pollūtūrō, pollūtūrōrum, pollūtūrōs, pollūtūrum | polluendus polluenda, polluendā, polluendae, polluendam, polluendārum, polluendās, polluende, polluendīs, polluendōrum, polluendōs |
gerundpolluendī, polluendō, polluendumsupinepollūtum, pollūtū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- sacra polluere et violare
- to profane sacred rites.
pollŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. cf.: adluo, diluo; Gr. λούω, to wash; λῦμα, λύμη, λυμαίνω, to cleanse, ruin,
I. to soil, defile, pollute.
I. Lit. (very rare):
ore dapes, Verg. A. 3, 234: ora cruore, Ov. M. 15, 98: pollui cuncta sanie, odore, contactu, Tac. A. 4, 49: usu tegmina, id. ib. 13, 57: vina deciduo immundiore lapsu, Plin. 14, 19, 23, § 119: polluta mensa cruore, Sil. 7, 183.—II. Trop.
A. In gen., to defile morally, to pollute, contaminate, violate, dishonor, desecrate, etc. (class.;
syn.: inquino, contamino): polluta et violata sacra, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 26, 71: deorum hominumque jura inexpiabili scelere, id. Phil. 11, 12, 29: fratris filiam incesto, Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 6: tragico pollutus concubitu, Juv. 2, 29: famam domūs stupro turpi, Phaedr. 3, 10, 17: nec Electrae jugulo se polluit, Juv. 8, 218: mentem suam et aures hominum nefariā voce, Tac. A. 3, 50: incestis se matrimoniis, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 6, 4, 3: jejunia, to violate, break, Nigid. ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 2: Jovem, to insult, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 8. ferias, to desecrate (by labor), Gell. 2, 28, 3: avaritia invadit, polluit, vastat omnia, Sall. J. 41, 9; Ov. M. 2, 794: polluta pax, Verg. A. 7, 467: polluendam perdendamque rempublicam relinquere, Tac. H. 2, 76: ferias, Macr. S. 1, 16, 11.—Esp., in eccl. Lat., to render unclean, in a ceremonial sense, Vulg. Lev. 7, 21; pass., to be unclean, id. ib. 11, 27; 15, 32: pollutum et mundum, id. ib. 10, 10: pollutum comedit, id. Osee, 9, 3.—B. In partic., to violate, dishonor a woman (post-Aug.), Tac. A. 12, 46; id. Agr. 31; Vulg. Ezech. 18, 11.—Hence, pollū-tus, a, um, P. a., polluted, i. e. no longer virgin, then vicious, unchaste, Cat. 60, 46:
femina, Liv. 10, 23, 10: princeps, Tac. H. 2, 37 fin.: scelesta pollutaque femina, App. M. 10, 34.—Comp.: senectus, more vicious, more sinful, Sil. 11, 47.—Sup.: dives, App. M. 9, p. 234, 31.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
polluō uī, ūtus, ere
pro+luo, to soil, defile, stain, foul, pollute : ore dapes, V.: ora cruore, O. —Fig., to defile, pollute, contaminate, violate, dishonor, desecrate : iura scelere: stupro religionis: Iovem, Pr.: tragico pollutus concubitu, Iu.: polluta pax, V.
Origins
From por- + Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“dirt, mud”) (compare luēs (“plague”); cognate with λῦμα (lûma, “dirt”) and Old Irish loth (“mud”)).
Descendants
- Catalanpol·luir
- Englishpollute
- Frenchpolluer
- Italianpolluire
- Portuguesepoluir
- Romanianpolua
- Spanishpoluir