verbthird conjugation
pervertō
pervertō (present infinitive pervertere, perfect active pervertī, supine perversum)
Classical[pɛrˈwɛr.toː]Ecclesiastical[perˈvɛr.to]
Meaning
- to overthrow
- to subvert or corrupt
In the readers how our graded readers gloss it
askew; perverse
perversus -a -um — in De Bello Gallico III
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Perdere · Pessundare · Pervertere · Evertere
Perdere and pessundare denote complete destruction; perdere, by breaking to pieces, or by any other mode of destroying; pessundare (πεζὸν θεῖναι) by sinking, or any other mode of getting rid of; whereas evertere, pervertere, and subvertere merely denote throwing down; evertere, by digging up and tearing up what is fastened in the ground, in opp. to fundare, Plin. Pan. 34. Cic. Acad. iv. 10. Fin. ii. 25. Verr. iii. 18. Pis. 35; pervertere, by pushing down what stands fast; subvertere, by secretly digging under, and withdrawing the basis. Cic. Pis. 24. Provincia tibi ista manupretium fuerit non eversæ per te sed perditæ civitatis. Ad. Att. v. 16.
Vertere · Torquere · Convertere · Invertere · Pervertere
Vertere means to turn, that is, to move anything in order to give it another position or situation, like τρέπειν; torquere (from τρέκω), ἀτρεκής), to twist, that is, in order to move a fixed point, like στρέφειν. 2. Convertere means, either to turn in a body, with reference to those acting, as, for instance, Ut pæne terga convertant; or, with reference to the action, to turn completely; whereas invertere means, to turn only half round, so that the reverse side of the thing turned is exposed; lastly, pervertere means to turn upside down, so that the thing turned becomes useless, or falls to the ground. (v. 289.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pervertō | pervertēbam | pervertam | pervertī | perverteram | perverterō |
| 2nd sg. | pervertis | pervertēbās | pervertēs | pervertistī | perverterās | perverteris |
| 3rd sg. | pervertit | pervertēbat | pervertet | pervertit | perverterat | perverterit |
| 1st pl. | pervertimus | pervertēbāmus | pervertēmus | pervertimus | perverterāmus | perverterimus |
| 2nd pl. | pervertitis | pervertēbātis | pervertētis | pervertistis | perverterātis | perverteritis |
| 3rd pl. | pervertunt | pervertēbant | pervertent | pervertērunt pervertēre | perverterant | perverterint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pervertam | perverterem | perverterim | pervertissem |
| 2nd sg. | pervertās | perverterēs | perverterīs | pervertissēs |
| 3rd sg. | pervertat | perverteret | perverterit | pervertisset |
| 1st pl. | pervertāmus | perverterēmus | perverterīmus | pervertissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | pervertātis | perverterētis | perverterītis | pervertissētis |
| 3rd pl. | pervertant | perverterent | perverterint | pervertissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pervertor | pervertēbar | pervertar |
| 2nd sg. | perverteris pervertere | pervertēbāris pervertēbāre | pervertēris pervertēre |
| 3rd sg. | pervertitur | pervertēbātur | pervertētur |
| 1st pl. | pervertimur | pervertēbāmur | pervertēmur |
| 2nd pl. | pervertiminī | pervertēbāminī | pervertēminī |
| 3rd pl. | pervertuntur | pervertēbantur | pervertentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | pervertar | perverterer |
| 2nd sg. | pervertāris pervertāre | perverterēris perverterēre |
| 3rd sg. | pervertātur | perverterētur |
| 1st pl. | pervertāmur | perverterēmur |
| 2nd pl. | pervertāminī | perverterēminī |
| 3rd pl. | pervertantur | perverterentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | perverte | pervertere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | pervertite | pervertiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | pervertitō | pervertitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | pervertitō | pervertitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | pervertitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | pervertuntō | pervertuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | pervertere | pervertī |
| perfect infinitive | pervertisse | perversum esse |
| future infinitive | perversūrum esse | perversum īrī |
| present participle | pervertēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | perversus perversa, perversā, perversae, perversam, perversārum, perversās, perverse, perversī, perversīs, perversō, perversōrum, perversōs |
| future participle | perversūrus perversūra, perversūrā, perversūrae, perversūram, perversūrārum, perversūrās, perversūre, perversūrī, perversūrīs, perversūrō, perversūrōrum, perversūrōs, perversūrum | pervertendus pervertundus, pervertenda, pervertendā, pervertendae, pervertendam, pervertendārum, pervertendās, pervertende, pervertendīs, pervertendōrum, pervertendōs |
gerundpervertendī, pervertendō, pervertendumsupineperversum, perversū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- omnia iura pervertere
- to trample all law under foot.
per-verto (pervorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a.,
I. to turn around or about, to overturn, overthrow, throw down (class.).
I. Lit.: pinus proceras pervortunt, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 196 Vahl.):
(coqui) aulas pervortunt, Plaut. Cas. 4, 1, 16: turrim ballistā, id. Bacch. 4, 4, 59: tum visam beluam immanem, quàcunque incederet, arbusta, virgulta, tecta pervertere, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49: perversae rupes, broken, craggy rocks, Liv. 21, 33.—B. Esp., in wrestling or boxing, to throw down, knock down; hence:
si rex opstabit ob viam, regem ipsum prius pervortito, Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 14.—II. Trop.
A. To overthrow, subvert; to destroy, ruin, undo, corrupt:
cito homo pervorti potest, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 52: labefactare atque pervertere amicitiam aut justitiam, Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70: quidam, propositis malorum et bonorum finibus, omne officium perverterunt, id. Off. 1, 2, 5: omnia jura divina atque humana, id. ib. 1, 8, 26: ipse (Quinctius) postquam Junium pervertit, totam causam reliquit, id. Quint. 39, 108: hostium vim se perversurum putavit, pervertit autem suam, id. Div. 2, 56, 115; id. Brut. 79, 273: aliquem amicitiā alicujus, Tac. A. 13, 45: aliquem, id. H. 3, 38: aliquos et ambitio pervertet, Quint. 12, 8, 2.—B. To put down, confute, silence one (in allusion to the meaning I. B. supra):
nemo umquam me tenuissimā suspicione perstrinxit, quem non perverterim ac perfregerim, Cic. Sull. 16, 47: numquam ille me opprimet consilio, numquam ullo artificio pervertet, id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44.—Hence, perver-sus (pervorsus), a, um, P. a., turned the wrong way, askew, awry (cf. praeposterus). A. Lit.: rectus perversusque partus, Varr. ap. Gell. 16, 16, 4:
perversas induit comas, gets her false hair on awry, Ov. A. A. 3, 246: pondere capitum perversa ova, Plin. 10, 16, 18, § 38: perversa vestis, i. e. pulla, Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 5: Roscius erat perversissimis oculis, quales sunt strabonum, dreadfully squint-eyed, Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 79.—B. Trop., perverse, not right, wrong, evil, bad:
dies pervorsus atque advorsus, Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1: nihil pravum et perversum, Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 30: quid magis inquinatum, deformatum, perversum, conturbatum dici potest, id. Har. Resp. 12, 25: homo praeposterus atque perversus, id. Clu. 26, 71: sapientia, id. Mur. 36, 75: mos, id. Rosc. Com. 18, 56: bellum Contra fata deūm perverso numine poscunt, Verg. A. 7, 584: perversa grammaticorum subtilitas, Plin. 35, 3, 4, § 13: ambitio, Quint. 10, 7, 21: generatio perversa, wicked, Vulg. Deut. 32, 20 et saep. —As subst.: perversum, i, n., a wrong, evil: in perversum sollers, Sen. Vit. Beat. 5, 3.—Hence, adv.: perversē (pervor-sē), awry, the wrong way. 1. Lit.:
sella curulis in senatu perverse collocata, Suet. Galb. 18.—2. Trop., perversely, wrongly, badly, ill: dicere, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3 (Trag. v. 229 Vahl.); so,
dicere, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150: erras pervorse, pater, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 36: interpretari, id. Truc. 1, 2, 41: si quid fleri pervorse videt, id. Pers. 3, 1, 40: vides, id. Merc. 2, 2, 20: si quid perverse tetreque factum est, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 23, 4: uti deorum beneficio, Cic. N. D. 3, 28, 70: imitari, id. Off. 3, 32, 113: quiescite agere perverse, Vulg. Isa. 1, 16.—Comp.: perversius, Tert. Apol. 2.—Sup.: perversissime suspicari, Hier. in Matt. 1, 25.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
per-vertō (-vortō) tī, sus, ere,
to overturn, overthrow, throw down: arbusta, tecta.—Fig., to overthrow, subvert, abuse, misuse, destroy, ruin, undo, corrupt: amicitiam: omnia iura: hostium vim, suam: Contra fata deūm, perverso numine, reversing their will, V.—To trip up, put down, confute: me numquam ullo artificio: semet, Ta.: Germanici liberos, i. e. exclude from the succession, Ta.
Origins
From per- (“thoroughly”) + vertō (“to turn”).
Descendants
- Catalanpervertir
- Italianpervertire
- Occitanpervertir
- Englishpervertfrom Old French pervertir
- Frenchpervertirfrom Old French pervertir
- Portugueseperverter
- Spanishpervertir
- Galicianperverter