verbthird conjugation
perfringō
perfringō (present infinitive perfringere, perfect active perfrēgī, supine perfrāctum)
Classical[pɛrˈfrɪŋ.ɡoː]Ecclesiastical[perˈfriŋ.ɡo]
Meaning
- to break or shatter
Milites loco superiore pilis missis facile hostium phalangem perfregerunt.
[His] soldiers, hurling their javelins from the higher ground, easily broke the enemy’s phalanx.c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 1.25 - to break through (an obstacle)
- to violate or infringe
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
vī rumpōperfringō -ere — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 13
break through
perfringō -ere — in De Bello Gallico III
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perfringō | perfringēbam | perfringam | perfrēgī | perfrēgeram | perfrēgerō |
| 2nd sg. | perfringis | perfringēbās | perfringēs | perfrēgistī | perfrēgerās | perfrēgeris |
| 3rd sg. | perfringit | perfringēbat | perfringet | perfrēgit | perfrēgerat | perfrēgerit |
| 1st pl. | perfringimus | perfringēbāmus | perfringēmus | perfrēgimus | perfrēgerāmus | perfrēgerimus |
| 2nd pl. | perfringitis | perfringēbātis | perfringētis | perfrēgistis | perfrēgerātis | perfrēgeritis |
| 3rd pl. | perfringunt | perfringēbant | perfringent | perfrēgērunt perfrēgēre | perfrēgerant | perfrēgerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perfringam | perfringerem | perfrēgerim | perfrēgissem |
| 2nd sg. | perfringās | perfringerēs | perfrēgerīs | perfrēgissēs |
| 3rd sg. | perfringat | perfringeret | perfrēgerit | perfrēgisset |
| 1st pl. | perfringāmus | perfringerēmus | perfrēgerīmus | perfrēgissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | perfringātis | perfringerētis | perfrēgerītis | perfrēgissētis |
| 3rd pl. | perfringant | perfringerent | perfrēgerint | perfrēgissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perfringor | perfringēbar | perfringar |
| 2nd sg. | perfringeris perfringere | perfringēbāris perfringēbāre | perfringēris perfringēre |
| 3rd sg. | perfringitur | perfringēbātur | perfringētur |
| 1st pl. | perfringimur | perfringēbāmur | perfringēmur |
| 2nd pl. | perfringiminī | perfringēbāminī | perfringēminī |
| 3rd pl. | perfringuntur | perfringēbantur | perfringentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | perfringar | perfringerer |
| 2nd sg. | perfringāris perfringāre | perfringerēris perfringerēre |
| 3rd sg. | perfringātur | perfringerētur |
| 1st pl. | perfringāmur | perfringerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | perfringāminī | perfringerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | perfringantur | perfringerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | perfringe | perfringere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | perfringite | perfringiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | perfringitō | perfringitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | perfringitō | perfringitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | perfringitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | perfringuntō | perfringuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | perfringere | perfringī |
| perfect infinitive | perfrēgisse | perfrāctum esse |
| future infinitive | perfrāctūrum esse | perfrāctum īrī |
| present participle | perfringēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | perfrāctus perfrācta, perfrāctā, perfrāctae, perfrāctam, perfrāctārum, perfrāctās, perfrācte, perfrāctī, perfrāctīs, perfrāctō, perfrāctōrum, perfrāctōs |
| future participle | perfrāctūrus perfrāctūra, perfrāctūrā, perfrāctūrae, perfrāctūram, perfrāctūrārum, perfrāctūrās, perfrāctūre, perfrāctūrī, perfrāctūrīs, perfrāctūrō, perfrāctūrōrum, perfrāctūrōs, perfrāctūrum | perfringendus perfringundus, perfringenda, perfringendā, perfringendae, perfringendam, perfringendārum, perfringendās, perfringende, perfringendīs, perfringendōrum, perfringendōs |
gerundperfringendī, perfringendō, perfringendumsupineperfrāctum, perfrāctū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- phalangem perfringere
- to break through the phalanx.
perfringo, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. perfrango,
I. to break through, to break or dash in pieces, to shiver, shatter (class.).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.:
elephanto pugno perfregisti bracchium, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 26: jumenta ingredientia nivem ... jactandis gravius in connitendo ungulis penitus perfringebant, broke through, Liv. 21, 36, 8: saxo perfracto capite, his skull fractured by a stroke of a stone, id. 4, 28 fin.: tempora fulvo protecta capillo, Ov. M. 12, 274: perfracto saxo sortes erupisse, Cic. Div. 2, 41, 85: Olympum fulmine, Ov. M. 1, 154: nucem, Plin. 10, 12, 14, § 30: aliquid, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12: munitiones, Caes. B. G. 7, 85: tabulationem, id. B. C. 2, 9: naves perfregerant proras, litori illisas, had been wrecked, Liv. 22, 20.—B. In partic., to break or burst through, to force one's way through any obstacle:
hostium phalangem, Caes. B. G. 1, 25: aciem, Sil. 9, 362: muros, Tac. H. 3, 20: domos, to break into, id. ib. 4, 1.—II. Trop.
A. To break through, violate, infringe:
decreta senatūs, Cic. Mil. 32, 87: leges, id. Cat. 1, 7, 18: ac prosternere omnia cupiditate ac furore, id. Clu. 6, 15.—B. To break or burst through: omnia repagula juris, pudoris et officii perfringere. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:
perfringere et labefactare tantam conspirationem bonorum omnium, id. Cat. 4, 10, 22: animos suavitate, to affect powerfully, id. Brut. 9, 38.—Absol.: haec (eloquentia) modo perfringit, modo irrepit in sensus, Cic. Or. 28, 97.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
perfringō frēgī, frāctus, ere
per+frango, to break through, break in pieces, shiver, shatter : iumenta nivem perfringebant, broke through , L.: saxo perfracto capite, his skull fractured , L.: perfracto saxo sortes erupisse: tabulationem, Cs.: naves perfregerant proras litori inlisas, had been wrecked , L.: domūs, break into , Ta.—Fig., to break through, violate, infringe : decreta senatūs: leges: omnia repagula iuris: animos suavitate, affect powerfully.—To force a way, invade violently : haec (eloquentia) modo perfringit, modo inrepit in sensūs.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Latin frangō Latin perfringō From per- + frangō (“break”).