verbthird conjugation
opprimō
opprimō (present infinitive opprimere, perfect active oppressī, supine oppressum)
Classical[ˈɔp.prɪ.moː]Ecclesiastical[ˈɔp.pri.mo]
Meaning
- to press down upon; to suppress
- to take by surprise
- to capture
- to crush, put down
- to attack, assail
- to overwhelm, overcome, subdue
- to hide, conceal
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
subitō superōopprimō -ere — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 10, 14
premō, subitō capiōcrush; surprise
opprimō -ere — in De Bello Gallico I, De Bello Gallico II, ch. 13, 14 and De Bello Gallico III, ch. 5, 16
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Vincere · Superare · Opprimere
1. Vincere (εἴκειν? or ἀγκὰς ἀναγκάζειν?) means, to drive an adversary from his place, like νικᾶν; superare to win a place from an adversary, like ὑπερβάλλεσθαι. The vincens has more to do with living objects, with enemies; the superans with inanimate objects, with difficulties. Tac. Ann. i. 25. Invictos et nullis casibus superabiles Romanos. 2. Evincere denotes especially the exertion and duration of the conflict; devincere, its consequence, and the completeness of the victory. 3. Vincere means to conquer by fighting; opprimere, without fighting, by merely appearing, in consequence of a surprisal, or of a decided superiority of forces. Cic. Mil. 11. Vi victa vis, vel potius oppressa virtute audacia est: and to the same purport, Muren. 15. Mithridatem L. Murena repressum magna ex parte, non oppressum reliquit. (iv. 278.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | opprimō | opprimēbam | opprimam | oppressī | oppresseram | oppresserō |
| 2nd sg. | opprimis | opprimēbās | opprimēs | oppressistī | oppresserās | oppresseris |
| 3rd sg. | opprimit | opprimēbat | opprimet | oppressit | oppresserat | oppresserit |
| 1st pl. | opprimimus | opprimēbāmus | opprimēmus | oppressimus | oppresserāmus | oppresserimus |
| 2nd pl. | opprimitis | opprimēbātis | opprimētis | oppressistis | oppresserātis | oppresseritis |
| 3rd pl. | opprimunt | opprimēbant | oppriment | oppressērunt oppressēre | oppresserant | oppresserint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | opprimam | opprimerem | oppresserim | oppressissem |
| 2nd sg. | opprimās | opprimerēs | oppresserīs | oppressissēs |
| 3rd sg. | opprimat | opprimeret | oppresserit | oppressisset |
| 1st pl. | opprimāmus | opprimerēmus | oppresserīmus | oppressissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | opprimātis | opprimerētis | oppresserītis | oppressissētis |
| 3rd pl. | opprimant | opprimerent | oppresserint | oppressissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | opprimor | opprimēbar | opprimar |
| 2nd sg. | opprimeris opprimere | opprimēbāris opprimēbāre | opprimēris opprimēre |
| 3rd sg. | opprimitur | opprimēbātur | opprimētur |
| 1st pl. | opprimimur | opprimēbāmur | opprimēmur |
| 2nd pl. | opprimiminī | opprimēbāminī | opprimēminī |
| 3rd pl. | opprimuntur | opprimēbantur | opprimentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | opprimar | opprimerer |
| 2nd sg. | opprimāris opprimāre | opprimerēris opprimerēre |
| 3rd sg. | opprimātur | opprimerētur |
| 1st pl. | opprimāmur | opprimerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | opprimāminī | opprimerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | opprimantur | opprimerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | opprime | opprimere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | opprimite | opprimiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | opprimitō | opprimitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | opprimitō | opprimitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | opprimitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | opprimuntō | opprimuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | opprimere | opprimī |
| perfect infinitive | oppressisse | oppressum esse |
| future infinitive | oppressūrum esse | oppressum īrī |
| present participle | opprimēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | oppressus oppressa, oppressā, oppressae, oppressam, oppressārum, oppressās, oppresse, oppressīs, oppressō, oppressōrum, oppressōs |
| future participle | oppressūrus oppressūra, oppressūrā, oppressūrae, oppressūram, oppressūrārum, oppressūrās, oppressūre, oppressūrī, oppressūrīs, oppressūrō, oppressūrōrum, oppressūrōs, oppressūrum, opressūra, opressūrā, opressūrae, opressūram, opressūrārum, opressūrās, opressūre, opressūrī, opressūrīs, opressūrō, opressūrōrum, opressūrōs, opressūrum, opressūrus | opprimendus opprimundus |
gerundopprimendī, opprimendō, opprimendumsupineoppressum, oppressū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- aere alieno oppressum esse
- to have pressing debts.
- somno captum, oppressum esse
- to be overcome by sleep.
- civitatem servitute oppressam tenere (Dom. 51. 131)
- to keep the citizens in servile subjection.
- opprimere hostes (imprudentes, incautos, inopinantes)
- to surprise and defeat the enemy.
opprĭmo (obp-), essi, essum, 3, v. a. ob-premo,
I. to press against, press together; to press down (class.; syn. obruo).
I. Lit.:
voluit deus ora loquentis Opprimere, to close, Ov. M. 3, 295: oculos, to press together, i. e. close the eyes, sc. of a dying person, Val. Max. 2, 6, 8: fauces manu, Suet. Calig. 12: flammam in ore, to repress, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 122 (Trag. v. 437 Vahl.).— To press down: taleam pede, to press into the ground, Cato, R. R. 45; Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 27: opprimi ruinā conclavis, to be crushed, Cic. Div. 2, 8, 20: terrā oppressus, id. ib. 2, 23, 51: classem, to sink, id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33: senem injectu multae vestis, to smother, stifle, Tac. A. 6, 50; so, dormiens oppressit eum, Vulg. 3 Reg. 3, 19; Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 14.—II. Trop.
A. To press together; to close, shut:
os opprime, shut your mouth! hold your tongue! Plaut. As. 3, 2, 40; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 93.—B. To press or bear down:
opprimi onere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 4.—C. To put down, suppress, quell, check, quash:
quae oratio a censore opprimenda est, Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 30: sine tumultu rem omnem oppressere, Liv. 2, 4: tumultum, id. 31, 11: fraudem, to baffle, thwart, id. 26, 6; Vulg. Lev. 24, 16.—D. To overthrow, overwhelm, crush, overpower, prostrate, subdue:
reliquias hujus belli, Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3: Graeciam, Nep. Them. 8, 2: nationem, Cic. Font. 12, 36: invidiam acerbitate, Nep. Dion. 6: libertatem, to put an end to, destroy, id. Alcib. 3, 3: ut exstinctae potius amicitiae, quam oppressae esse videantur, Cic. Lael. 21, 78: aliquem iniquo judicio, id. Quint. 2, 7: intolerandam potentiam, to overthrow, id. Rosc. Am. 13, 36: aliquem, to crush one with false accusations, Liv. 2, 52; cf.: insontem oblato falso crimine, id. 1, 51: quaestionem, id. 26, 15: si oppressa foret secura senectus (i. e. securus senex), Juv. 10, 75: litteras, to utter indistinctly, to mumble, Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—In gen., to have the upper hand, get the best of it, be victorious, Plaut. Mil. 4, 5, 10.—E. To load, overwhelm, bear down, overcome: opprimi aere alieno, Cic. Cat. 2, 4, 8:
mvidiā, id. ib. 2, 2, 4: totius corporis doloribus, id. Fam. 9, 14, 3: metu, Liv. 24, 33: timore, Caes. B. G. 4, 15: senatus oppressus et afflictus, Cic. Red. in Sen. 7, 18.—F. To fall upon, surprise, take by surprise, come upon unexpectedly, seize, catch (syn.:
adorior, invado): occasionem opprimere, to seize, embrace, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 15: imprudentem, Ter. And. 1, 3, 22: incautos, Liv. 26, 12: Antonium mors oppressit, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 91, § 213: ne subito a me opprimantur (sc. interrogando), id. ib. 2, 4, 67, § 150: oppressi luce copias instruunt, Auct. B. G. 8, 14: rostra, to make one's self master of, occupy, Cic. Clu. 40, 110.—G. To bury, hide, conceal, suppress:
quod quo studiosius ab ipsis opprimitur et absconditur, eo magis eminet et apparet, Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 121: iram, Sall. J. 72, 1: ita ejus rei oppressa mentio est, Liv. 23, 22: infamiam, Just. 12, 13, 10. —H. To force a woman, commit a rape upon (late Lat.), Vulg. 2 Reg. 13, 12; 14, 32; id. Gen. 34, 2; id. Ezech. 2, 2; 11.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
opprimō essī, essus, ere
ob+premo, to press against, press together, press down, close: Os opprime, shut your mouth! T.: ora loquentis, close, O.: flammam in ore, repress: onere armorum oppressi, weighed down, Cs.: opprimi ruinā conclavis, be crushed: classem, sink: Tellus Sustulit oppressos voltūs, covered (by the sea), O.: omnibus unum Opprimere est animus, overwhelm, O.—Fig., to press upon, weigh down, burden, overwhelm: institit, oppressit, he prosecuted urgently, resistlessly: insontem oblato falso crimine, L.: opprimi aere alieno: metu, L.: oppressi somno, Cs.—To put down, suppress, quell, check, quash: quae oratio a censore opprimenda est: ea fraus oppressa magnā caede hostium, baffled, L.: litterae oppressae, multered: libertatem, subvert, N.: potentiam, overthrow: quaestionem, quash, L.—To overthrow, overwhelm, crush, overpower, prostrate, subdue: legionis opprimendae consilium, Cs.: nationem: Duxit ab oppressā Karthagine nomen, from the conquest of Carthage, H.—To fall upon, surprise, seize, catch: somnus virginem opprimit, T.: inscios Menapios, Cs.: incautos, L.: Antonium mors oppressit: muscam, Ph.: rostra, occupy: quem Fraude loci Oppressum rapit, betrayed, V.: si oppressa foret secura senectus (i. e. securus senex), Iu.—To hide, conceal, suppress: quod quo studiosius ab ipsis opprimitur et absconditur: iram, S.: ita eius rei oppressa mentio est, L.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épsder. Proto-Indo-European *h₁óp(i) Proto-Italic *op Latin ob Latin ob- Proto-Indo-European *per-? Proto-Indo-European *pres-der. Proto-Italic *pres- Latin premō Latin opprimō From ob- + premō (“press”).
Descendants
- Catalanoprimir
- Englishoppress
- Frenchopprimer
- Italianopprimere
- Occitanoprimir
- Portugueseoprimir
- Spanishoprimir
- Asturianprimir
- Asturianoprimir
- Galicianoprimir
In English words that came into English from opprimō
- oppressoppressare
- oppressionoppressiō